STEPPE PHYTOCOENOSES OF UKRAINE: SPESIFICS AND HISTORY OF THE STUDY
Keywords:
steppe phytocenoses, abiotic and biotic factors of steppe formation, classification, mode of use, history of study.
Abstract
The article describes the characteristics of steppe plant groups, substantiates their ecological role, gives the main stages and directions of studying steppes, indicates the role of abiotic and biotic factors in their formation, in particular, the mechanism of influence of ungulate grazing on steppe plant groups. It is noted that the steppe ecosystem was formed under the influence of wild herbivores – herds of wild horses, kulans and roe deer (now their function is performed by domestic livestock), which is a necessary condition for maintaining the steppe type of vegetation. During grazing, the accumulation of dead plant biomass decreases, and during trampling by animals, the integrity of the dead cover is disturbed, which ensures the germination of new shoots of cereals and other steppe species. It also removes the problem of mesophytization due to the retention of a much larger amount of moisture by the dead cover than is typical for the steppes. Excessive grazing, as well as its complete absence, negatively affects the state of steppe vegetation. The description of the current state of steppe biotopes on the territory of Ukraine is given, and the high degree of their anthropogenic transformation is emphasized. Information is given about the areas of the steppe, including virgin steppe, which are now preserved on the territory of Ukraine and are part of the objects of the nature reserve fund. The biological features of typical steppe xerophyte species are indicated, including wax coating and pubescence on the leaves and a long and branched root system. The article includes information on aspects of anthropogenic activity, which became the main reason for the decrease in the share of steppe phytocenoses in the vegetation structure of Ukraine. The need for their preservation and protection is substantiated, taking into account their importance in preserving the valuable steppe biodiversity and their critical state. One of the main directions of studying steppe phytocenoses is the classification of steppe vegetation, the conditions and features of its formation, as well as the mode of loads that ensures the normal functioning of steppe ecosystems. The works of a number of both domestic and foreign scientists were analyzed.
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Published
2023-01-20
How to Cite
Koplyk, Y. (2023). STEPPE PHYTOCOENOSES OF UKRAINE: SPESIFICS AND HISTORY OF THE STUDY. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 49(3), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.3.6
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