PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESPONSE OF PLANTS TO SOIL SALININ (OVERVIEW)
Keywords:
soil salinity, halophytes, salt stress, osmotic stress, adaptation
Abstract
the current stage, about 20% of the world's arable lands are subject to salinization, and the annual losses of world agriculture due to the spread of such lands reach about 12 billion dollars. Establishing the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of plants to this environmental factor is an urgent scientific problem, important from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. The publication, based on the analysis of literary sources, provides information on the physiological and biochemical aspects of the response of plants to soil salinity. The changes that occur in the plant under the influence of salt stress and in the process of counteracting it are highlighted. It is noted that osmotic stress can occur in plants against the background of salinity. This changes water-related parameters, including cell water content, water potential, and osmotic potential. There is a decrease in the rate of leaf growth, a change in the state of the stomata and the process of photosynthesis, and the growth of shoots is inhibited. The accumulation of a large number of salt ions forces plants to use more energy to absorb water from the soil and maintain internal homeostasis. It was noted that under the influence of salt stress, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species increases and oxidative damage to cells and their structures occurs. This negatively affects the stability of proteins. Peroxidation of membrane lipids is also a marker of oxidative damage to plants under salt stress conditions. It is shown that studies of the mechanism of adaptation of plants to stress have moved from the physiological and ecological level to the molecular level. At the same time, five salt tolerance genes (SOS1-SOS5) were identified. It has been proven that the means of overcoming oxidative stress is the activation of antioxidant enzymes and the synthesis of protective proteins, in particular LEA proteins, which have the ability to counteract dehydration and protect cells against osmotic stress. The given facts prove that the response of plants to the effect of high concentrations of salts is complex and complex and includes many coordinated processes. A number of them are still under active study. Therefore, the success of elucidating the mechanisms of salt resistance of plants is closely related to the general development of science. At the current stage, the level of detail in solving the problem has significantly increased thanks to the use of the latest methods and technologies, including those that make it possible to reveal the essence of adaptation processes, starting from the molecular level and the implementation of genetic control.
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4. Barkla, B.J. & Pantoja, O. (1996). Physiology of ion transport across the tonoplast ofhigher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiologyand Plant Molecular Biology, 47, 159–184. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.159
5. Bartels, D. & Sunkar, R. (2005). Drought and salt tolerance in plants // Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 24, 1, 23–58. doi: 10.1080/07352680590910410
6. Bayuelo-Jiménez, J.S, Debouck, D.G. & Lynch, J.P. (2003). Growth, gas exchange, water relations, and ion composition of Phaseolus species grown under saline conditions. Field Crops Research, 80(3), 207–222.
7. Bian, J. M., Tang, J. & Lin, N. F. (2008). Relationship between saline-alkali soilformation and neotectonic movement in Songen Plain, China. Environ Geol, 55(7), 1421－1429
8. Bose, J., Rodrigo-Moreno, A. & Shabala, S. (2014). ROS homeostasis in halophytes in the context of salinity stress tolerance. J Exp Bot, 65, 1241–1257. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert430
9. Chen, Guanping, Wang, Huizhong, Shi, Nongnong & Chen, Shouyi (2006). Advances in the relationship between Na+/H+ reverse transporters and salt tolerance in plants. Chinese Journal of Biological Engineering, 26(5), 101–106.
10. Cheng, N., Pittman, J.K., Zhu, J. & Hirschi, K. (2001). The protein kinase SOS2 activates the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ antiporter CAX1 to integrate calcium transport and salt tolerance. Journal of Biology Chemistry, 279 (4), 2922–2926. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M309084200
11. Chinnusamy, V., Jagendorf, A. & Zhu, J.K. (2005). Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Science, 45(2), 437–448
12. Demiral, T. & Türkan, I. (2006). Exogenous glycinebetaine affects growth and proline accumulation and retards senescence in two rice cultivars under NaCl stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 56(1), 72–79. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.01.005
13. Derkach, V. & Romaniuk, N. D. (2016). Vplyv zasolennia gruntu na roslynni orhanizmy [The influence of soil salinity on plant organisms]. Nauk. zap. Ternop. nats. ped. un-tu. Ser. Biol., 3–4, 67, 91–106 (in Ukrainian).
14. Didenko, N.O., Volkov, R.A. & Panchuk, I.I. (2016). Vplyv solovoho stresu na vmist prolinu ta polifenolnykh spoluk u Arabidopsis thaliana [Effects of saline stress on proline and polyphenolic compounds content in Arabidopsis thalianan]. Biolohichni systemy, 8(1), 35–39 (in Ukrainian).
15. Elkahoui, S., Smaoui, A., Zarrouk, M., Ghrir, R. & Limam, F. (2004). Salt-induced lipid changes in Catharanthus roseus cultured cell suspensions. Phytochemistry, 65, 1911–1917. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.021
16. Fang, H. L. Liu, G. H. & Kearney, M. (2005). Georelational analysis of soil typesoil salt content, land form, and land use in the Yellow River Delta, China. Environmental Management, 35 (1), 72-83, doi: 10.1007/s00267-004-3066-2
17. Flowers, T. J. & Colmer, T. D. (2008). Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytol, 179, 945–953. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02531.x
18. Greenway, H. & Munns, R. (1980). Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Annuals Review of Plant Physiology, 31, 149–190.
19. Gueta-Dahan, Y., Yaniy, Z., Zilinskas, B.A. & Ben-Hayyim, G. (1997). Salt and oxidative stress: similar and specific responses and their relation to salt tolerance in Citrus. Planta, 203(4), 460–469. doi: 10.1007/s004250050215
20. Guo, Y., Halfter, U., Ishitani, M. & Zhu, J.K. (2001). Molecular characterization of functional domains in the protein kinase SOS2 that is required for plant salt tolerance. The Plant Cell, 13(6), 1383–1399. doi: 10.1105/tpc.13.6.1383
21. Haiying, Yu, Tingxuan, Li & Jianmin, Zhou (2005). Secondary Salinization of soil and its effects on soil properties. Soil, 37, 581–586.
22. Hoque, M.A., Banu, M.N.A., Okuma, E., Amako, K., Nakamura, Y., Shimoishi, Y. & Murata, Y. (2007). Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase NaCl-induced ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activities and proline improves salt tolerance more than glycinebetaine in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension-cultured cells. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164(11),
23. Horie, T, Karahara, I & Katsuhara, M. Salinity tolerance mechanisms in glycophytes: An overview with the central focus on rice plants. Rice, 2012, 5, 11. doi: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-11
24. Hossain, M. (2019). Present Scenario of Global Salt Affected Soils, its Management and Importance of Salinity Research. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1, 1–3.
25. Hsu, S.Y. & Kao, C.H. (2003). Differential effect of sorbitol and polyethylene glycol on antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 39(1), 83–90. doi: 10.1023/A:1021830926902
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Published
2023-04-03
How to Cite
He, S. (2023). PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESPONSE OF PLANTS TO SOIL SALININ (OVERVIEW). Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 50(4), 62-68. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.4.9
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