DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF RECLAIMED SOILS OF WESTERN POLISSYA UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF USE
Abstract
Soil electrical conductivity is a complex and highly variable characteristic. Its value depends on a wide range of factors, such as moisture, density, temperature, fertilization, chemical and mineralogical composition, mechanical properties, soil structure, and especially the nature and properties of the soil solution. Typically, electrical conductivity has been used to diagnose soil salinity, but recently, the use of electrical conductivity values to diagnose other parameters that increase electrical conductivity has become widely used in agrobiological practice. One of the primary measures that increase the electrical conductivity of the soil cover is the use of drip irrigation, which was used in areas intended for berry cultivation. The article analyzes the dynamics of seasonal changes in the specific electrical conductivity of the fertile layer under conditions of different agricultural use, tillage, and fertilization of soils. The influence of fertilization and tillage on the soil resistivity was determined. The research was conducted in two years (2021–2022), directly on land plots of various agricultural uses, using field and laboratory methods. Within the Western Polissia of Ukraine, on the territory of three experimental sites: the village of Polozhevo, the village of Rymachi and the village of Kolky. On the territory of the experimental site in the village of Polozhevo, Kovel district, Volyn region, the results of laboratory studies showed that the electrical conductivity of the soil of meadow-bog and peat soils in this area increased. In the undisturbed virgin areas with peat soil cover, the electrical conductivity value also increased from 2021 to 2022, for example, in the upper horizon (0–30 cm), the values increased by 30%. In the lower layers, the trend of increasing electrical conductivity is also observed, so in the 30–45 cm layer, the electrical conductivity of the soil cover increased by 215% compared to the previous year, and in the 45–60 cm horizon, an increase of 154% compared to 2021. Further dynamics are shown in Table 2. On the land plots with sod-podzolic soil type in the village of Rymachi, which are allocated for berry cultivation, the electrical conductivity indicators for the period 2021–2022 decreased in the upper horizon by 28%, slightly increased in the subsoil layer – 42%, and decreased in the layer above 40 cm, namely by 38%. In virgin undisturbed areas, the value of electrical conductivity in the 0–30 cm layer decreased by 9%, in the 30–40 cm layer by 1.6%, and in the layer above 40 cm, the recorded values decreased by 9% during the year. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that in undisturbed areas where no reclamation measures are taken to increase productivity, no change in the specific electrical conductivity is observed. On the site of Kolky village for agricultural use in the layer 0–17 cm during the growing season, the value of electrical conductivity decreased by 28%, 17–35 cm deviation by 14%, 35–75 cm – increase by 5%, at a depth of 75–100 cm deviation is 5%. In the areas intended for berry cultivation, the value of electrical conductivity, compared to the beginning of the growing season, decreased significantly at the end of the growing season, which was caused by the use of drip irrigation in this area.
References
2. Bedernichek, T. Yu., Kopiy, S. L., Partyka, T. V., & Hamkalo, Z. H. (2009). Elektroprovidnistʹ yak ekspres-indykator yonnoyi aktyvnosti edafotopu lisovykh ecosystem [Electrical conductivity as an express indicator of ionic activity of the edaphotope of forest ecosystems]. Biolohichni systemy, 4, 85–89. (in Ukrainian).
3. Brovarets, O. O. & Chovnyuk, Yu. V. (2020). Vykorystannya metodiv fraktalʹnoho analizu u doslidzhennyakh elektroprovidhosti gruntiv ta urozhaynosti silʹsʹkohospodarsʹkykh kulʹtur [Using of fractal analysis methods in research of agricultural soils and crop yield]. Zbirnyk naukovykh statey, Silʹsʹkohospodarsʹki mashyny, 45, 23–33 doi: 10.36910/acm.vi45.378 (in Ukrainian).
4. Choo, H., Park, J., Do, T. T., & Lee, C. (2022). Estimating the electrical conductivity of clayey soils with varying mineralogy using the index properties of soils. Applied Clay Science, 217, 106388 doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2021.106388
5. Corwin, D.L., & Lesch, S.M. (2005). Characterizing soil spatial variability with apparent soil electrical conductivity. Part II. Case study. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 46(1–3), 135–152
6. Corwin, D.L., Lesch, S.M., Shouse, P.J., Soppe, R., & Ayars, J.E. (2003). Identifying soil properties that influence cotton yield using soil sampling directed by apparent soil electrical conductivity. Agronomy Journal, 95 (2), 352–364
7. Dehtiarov, V. V., Dehtiarov, Yu. V., & Rieznik, S. V. (2020). Sezonna dynamika elektroprovidnosti chornozemu typovoho za umov riznykh system zemlerobstva [Seasonal dynamics of electric conductivity of typical chernozem under different systems of agriculture]. Visnyk Umansʹkoho natsional’noho universytetu, 1, 11–16 (in Ukrainian).
8. Dehtiarov, Yu. V. (2019). Elektroprovidnistʹ vodnykh suspenziy chornozemiv typovykh postahrohennykh derevnykh i travʹyanykh ekosystem [Electrical conductivity of water suspensions of typical chernozems postagrogenic wood and grass ecosystems]. Visnyk Kharkivsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho ahrarnoho universytetu im. V. V. Dokuchayeva, Gruntoznavstvo, 2, 28–34 (in Ukrainian).
9. Dehtiarov, Yu. V., & Rieznik, S. V. (2020). Elektrofizychni pokaznyky chornozemu typovoho za umov riznykh system zemlerobstva [Electrophysical indicators typical chernozem under different systems of agriculture]. Visnyk Kharkivsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho ahrarnoho universytetu im. V. V. Dokuchayeva. Seriya «Gruntoznavstvo, ahrokhimiya, zemlerobstvo, lisove hospodarstvo, ekolohiya gruntiv», 1, 71–78 (in Ukrainian).
10. Dehtiarov, Yu. V., & Chekar, O. Y. (2021). Vykorystannya elektrofizychnykh pokaznykiv pid chas vyroshchuvannya sunytsi na kraplynnomu zroshenni [Use of electrophysical indicators during growing strawberries on drop irrigation]. Visnyk ahrarnoyi nauky Prychornomorʺya, 2 (110), 54–62 (in Ukrainian).
11. Dehtiarov, Yu. V., & Pen’kov, O. S. (2021). Elektroprovidnistʹ vodnykh suspenziy chornozemiv typovykh pid vplyvom krapelʹnoho zroshennya [Electrical conductivity of aqueous suspensions of typical chernozems under the influence of drip irrigation]. III Mizhnarodna naukova internet-konferentsiya «Tendentsiyi ta vyklyky suchasnoyi ahrarnoyi nauky: teoriya i praktyka», 234–238 (in Ukrainian).
12. Doerge Т. (2001). Fitting soil elektrikal conductivity measurements intu the precision farming toolbox. Presented at the 2001 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime and Pest Management Conference, Madison, WI. 16–18.
13. Gavrilyuk, V. A., & Demchuk, S. M. (2013). Orhano-mineralʹni dobryva–kompleksne vyrishennya vykorystannya syrovynnykh resursiv [Organo-mineral fertilizers are a complex solution for the use of raw resources]. Ahroekolohichnyy zhurnal, 4, 78–81 (in Ukrainian).
14. Gebbers, R., Lück, E., Dabas, M., & Domsch, H. (2009). Comparison of instruments for geoelectrical soil mapping at the field scale. Near Surface Geophysic, 7 (3), 179–190
15. Glovin, N. M. (2017). Vplyv spyrtovoyi bardy na ahrokhimichni vlastyvosti gruntu [The influence of alcohol bard on the agrochemical properties of the soil]. Naukovyy visnyk Lʹvivsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu veterynarnoyi medytsyny ta biotekhnolohiy imeni S.Z Gzhytsʹkoho, 74, 192–195 (in Ukrainian).
16. Grisso, R. D., Alley, M. M., Holshouser, D. L., & Thomason, W. E. (2005). Precision farming tools. Soil electrical conductvity. Virginia Cooperative Extension, publication, 6.
17. Hamalko, Z. H., Bederníchek, T. YU., Partika, T. V., & Partem, YU. P. (2012). Pytoma elektroprovidnistʹ vodnykh suspenziy gruntu yak ekspres-kryteriy gruntovoyi diahnostyky [Specific electrical conductivity of aqueous soil suspensions as an express criterion for soil diagnostics]. Biolohichni systemy, Chernivtsi, 4, 16–19 (in Ukrainian).
18. Hao X., & Chang C. M. (2003). Does long-term heavy cattle manure application increase salinity of a clay loam soil in semi-arid southern Alberta. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ, 94 (1), 89–103
19. Hossain, M. S., Rahman, G. M., Solaiman, A. R. M., Alam, M. S., Rahman, M. M., & Mia, M. B. (2020). Estimating electrical conductivity for soil salinity monitoring using various soil-water ratios depending on soil texture. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(5), 635–644 doi: 10.1080/00103624.2020.1729378 20. Khyzhnyak, M. I., & Tsʹonʹ, N. I. (2010). Spyrtova barda yak tsinna kormova dobavka y orhanichne dobryvo u silʹsʹkomu hospodarstvi [Alcohol bard as a valuable feed additive and organic fertilizer in agriculture]. Rybohospodarsʹka nauka Ukrayiny, 2, 122–130 (in Ukrainian).
21. Ko, H., Choo, H., & Ji, K. (2023). Effect of temperature on electrical conductivity of soils – Role of surface conduction. Engineering Geology, 321 doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107147
22. Lohinova, I. V., & Smyk, S., Yu. (2012). Prohnozuvannya efektyvnosti dobryv pid kukurudzu na zerno za danymy gruntovoyi diahnostyky [Prognostication of fertilizers efficiency based on soil testing in corn field]. Naukovi dopovidi NUBiP, Kyiv, 3, 32 URL: https://nd.nubip.edu.ua/2012_3/12liv.pdf (in Ukrainian).
23. Lu, C., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., & Puckett, M. H. (2019). A convenient method to estimate soil hydraulic conductivity using electrical conductivity and soil compaction degree. Journal of Hydrology, 575, 211–220 doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.034
24. Machado, P.L.O.A., Bernardi, A.C.C., Valencia, L.I.O., Molin, J.P., Gimenez, L.M., Silva, C.A., Andrade, A.G.A., Madari, B.E., & Meirelles, M.S.P.M. (2006). Mapeamento da condutividade elétrica e relação com a argila de Latossolo sob plantio direto [Mapping of electrical conductivity and relationship with clay in an Oxisol under no-tillage]. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 41, 1023–1031 (in Portuguese).
25. McBride, R. A, Gordon, A. M., & Shrive, S. C. (1990). Estimating forest soil quality from terrain measurements of apparent electrical conductivity. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 54 (1), 255–260
26. Sheets, K. R., & Hendrickx, J. M. H. (1995). Noninvasive soil water content measurement using electromagnetic induction. Water Resources Research, 30 (10), 2401–2409
27. Skryl’nyk, YE. V., Kutova, A. M., Hetmanenko, V. A., & Tovstyy, Yu. N. (2016). Yakist’ mistsevoyi syrovyny riznoho pokhodzhennya ta sposoby yiyi ratsionalʹnohovykorystannya v sil’s’komuhospodarstvi [The quality of local raw materials of various origins and methods of their rational use in agriculture]. Zemlerobstvo, gruntoznavstvo, ahrokhimiya, 94 (7), 12–16 (in Ukrainian).
28. Svitovyy, V. M., & Herkiyal, O. M. (2012). Vplyv riznykh system udobrennya v polʹoviy sivozmini na elektroprovidnistʹ gruntu [The influence of different fertilization systems in field crop rotation on soil electrical conductivity]. Zbirnyk naukovykh pratsʹ Umansʹkoho NUS, 79 (1), 244 (in Ukrainian).
ISSN 
ISSN 
