THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROTECTION SYSTEM ON THE YIELD STRUCTURE AND GRAIN QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE NORTH-EAST OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Winter wheat is one of the most important crops in Ukraine. It ranks first in terms of cultivated area, which is 6,907.5 thousand hectares, satisfying export and consumer needs. A constantly growing demand for wheat consumption requires constant improvement of production technologies. In order to form the yield of winter wheat, a significant role is assigned to the choice of the protection system. Without effective measures aimed at protecting the crop, it is impossible to get good results, so it is this stage that is given enough attention when planning cultivation technology. Comparisons of conventional and organic defense systems are relevant and widespread in the scientific literature and cover several scientific fields. These comparisons are of interest to the scientific community, particularly when they deal with issues such as environmental impact, biodiversity, or health. The study demonstrated the influence of the organic and chemical protection systems on the yield structure and quality characteristics of winter wheat grain. The research was conducted on the basis of NNVK SNAU in the city of Sumy, in the north-east forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, during 2021–2022. Two varieties were chosen for the experiment: Aliot and Emil, from the first generation. For the chemistry-based defense system, the following were used: Maxim XL 035 FS, Aviator Xpro 225 ES, Granstar Gold 75, Fas, Ammonium Nitrate; for the organic system: mulching, pre-sowing treatment, and ear treatment with a 20% aqueous solution of garlic; on the control, the same agrotechnical techniques were carried out, with the condition of using and processing only clean water. The Aliot variety of the 2021–2022 crop year showed a decrease in results when using protection systems. The decrease in quality indicators on the organic system varied from 0.1% to 0.8% depending on the indicator, which is much less than the chemical one. In turn, the biological yield of the chemical system was 10% (10.1 t/ha) higher compared to the control variant. On the contrary, protection systems had a positive effect on the Emil variety of the 2021–2022 crop year. Different systems had different effects on development, increasing certain indicators. Protection systems significantly affected the biological yield, compared to the control, the organic protection system increased it by 11.4% (1.2 t/ha), and the chemical protection system increased it by 35.5% (3 t/ha). It should be noted that the studied varieties responded to the chemical protection system by increasing the number of vegetative shoots, which in turn had a positive effect on the overall yield. According to the results of the obtained data, based on a one-year study, it is impossible to state which protection system has a better effect on the studied indicators. Different varieties react differently to different protection systems, showing better or lower indicators. Thus, to obtain accurate conclusions, the experiment needs further repetition and study.
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