EXPRESSION OF ECONOMIC FEATURES IN CONFECTIONERY SUNFLOWER IN THE NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Recently, the portion of confectionery sunflower varieties and hybrids has been increasing in the global production. The climate in Ukraine allows harvesting high yields of confectionary sunflower with good technological parameters meeting the confectionary industry requirements. However, farming techniques for large-fruited sunflower have not been fully investigated. Our purpose was to evaluate expression of economic features in confectionary sunflower genotypes and to choose effective agricultural methods of their cultivation. The article presents results of a 2019−2021 study on expression of morphological traits, plant performance constituents, seed quality characteristics, and seed yield of confectionary sunflower in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine (Dnipropetrovska Oblast). The following farming methods and their gradations were evaluated: 1) Basic tillage: traditional moldboard plowing – tandem disking of stubble, moldboard plowing to a depth of 22–25 cm; non-moldboard tillage – tandem disking of stubble, non-moldboard tillage to a depth of 25–27 cm. 2) Fertilizers: N20P40K40, N40P60K60, N60P80K80. 3) Plant density: 20,400, 31,700, 40,800 plants/ha. 4) Variety/hybrid: three varieties – populations (‘SPK’, ‘Bilochka’ and ‘Zaporizkyi Kondyterskyi’) and one F1 hybrid (‘Hudvin’). 5) Year of trials. The data indicated that the study location was favourable for harvesting high yields of high-quality confectionary sunflower seeds, but expression of economic characteristics significantly depended on the cultivation methods and weather conditions. The variation ranges (minimum and maximum values) of the morphological traits (plant height, head diameter), plant performance constituents (seed weight per head, thousand seed weight), biochemical qualities of seeds (oil content in seeds, protein content in kernels), technological parameters of seeds (3.8+ seed fraction output), and seed yield were determined in the investigated genotypes. In particular, the largest weight of thousand seeds (122.3 g) was recorded for variety ‘SPK’ in 2021; the variety was grown according to the 90x90 design (20,400 plants/ha) with application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N40P60K60 and moldboard plowing. The contributions of the farming techniques to the expression levels of the investigated traits and parameters were determined. Relationships between the investigated features were assessed by correlation analysis. It was proven that one should take into account varieties’ peculiarities when developing technological charts for confectionary sunflower cultivation.
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