EFFECTS OF ASTRAGALUS EXTRACT AND GLYCYRRHIZA EXTRACT ON BROILER PERFORMANCE, APPARENT NUTRIENT METABOLISM RATE AND MEAT QUALITY
Abstract
This experiment aims to study the effects of Astragalus extract and Glycyrrhiza extract on broiler performance, nutrient me-tabolism rate, organ index and meat quality. The experiment was carried out in Yunnan Academy of Animal Science, for determine the quality of meat used the laboratories of Henan Institute of Science and Technology. A total of experiment use 360 healthy 1-day-old Avian broiler chickens were randomly divided into three groups, each with 6 replicates, and each replicate with 20 chickens. The study showed that adding Astragalus polysaccharides to poultry diets can significantly increase ADFI and improve FCR (P<0.05). Nutrient metabolism rate is an important indicator to measure the digestion and absorption of nutrients by animals. Its level directly affects the growth performance of animals and also reflects the nutritional value of diets. This study showed that adding Astragalus extract and Glycyrrhiza extract to the diet increased the metabolic rate of crude protein (P <0.05), but had no effect on the apparent metabolic rate of energy, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus. The relative weight of the thymus, spleen and bursal Index can reflect the overall immune function of the body to some extent. It is generally believed that a large immune organ index indicates that the immune organs are well developed, and the body's immunity is high. The study found that adding 0.2% or 0.3% of Astragalus extract significantly increased the Thymus index and Bursa index of broilers (P <0.05), and the spleen index had a tendency to increase. Muscle pH, shear force and drip loss are indicators to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of meat quality. The content of fatty acids in muscle is an index to evaluate the nutritional value of meat quality. This study found that the addition of Astragalus extract and Glycyrrhiza extract to the diet increased the pH of chicken significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the antibiotic group, pH was significantly increased (P<0.05) and pH was significantly decreased (P<0.05) for combination group, and there were no differ-ences for other indicators (P>0.05). Indicating that feeding Astragalus extract and Glycyrrhiza extract can effectively alleviate the glycogen caused by the stress of broilers after slaughter Glycolysis. Fatty acid is an important chemical substance that constitutes fat, and it is also an important factor that affects the flavor of meat. This study showed that the addition of Astragalus Extract and Glycyrrhiza Extract to the diet increased the SFA, USFA, MUFA, PUFA, and EFA in muscles, but there was no significant change, indicating that the addition of Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza extract under this test condition Does not affect the flavor of the meat. In summary, Adding 300 mg/kg Astragalus extract and 150 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza extract to the diet can improve the performance and immune function of broilers and the freshness of chicken meat, and can be used as a substitute for antibiotics in the poultry industry.
References
2.Bai S, He C. and Zhang K. 2020.Effects of dietary inclusion of Radix Bupleuri and Radix Astragali extracts on the perfor-mance, intestinal inflammatory cytokines expression, and hepatic antioxidant capacity in broilers exposed to high temperature. Ani-mal Feed Science and Technology, 259: 114288.
3.Chen Jing, Yuan Mingyong. and Zheng Lingli. 2009. Study on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Astragalus. Clinical Medicine Practice, (32): 2217-2219.
4.Diaz-Sanchez S, D'Souza D. and Biswas D. 2015. Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry produc-tion. Poultry Science.
5.El-Hack M, Abdelnour S A. and Taha A E. 2019. Herbs as thermoregulatory agents in poultry: An overview[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 703:134399.
6.Farag M R. and Alagawany M. 2018. The role of Astragalus membranaceus as immunomodulator in poultry. World's Poul-try Science Journal, 75(1),pp.1-12.
7.Fu Daobin, Liao Chengshui, Lu Xia, Wang Xiaoli, Xin Ling, Xiao Yihang. and Song Xiangpeng. 2018. The effect of Glycyr-rhiza polysaccharide on the growth performance of mice and Salmonella typhimurium. Henan Agricultural Sciences, 47(06), pp. 139-143.
8.Gao Xu, Li Lifen. and Liu Binyu. 2010. Experimental study on the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on the immune function of mice. Journal of Shanxi Datong University (Natural Science Edition), 26(04), pp.42-47.
9.Hafiz Furqan Iqbal, Muhammad Khalid Bashir, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Shahid-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Ashraf, Muham-mad Qamar Bilal. and M. Usman Bahar-e-Mustafa. 2020. EFFECT OF GLYCYRRHIZA (Glycyrrhiza glabra) EXTRACT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS PARAMETERS AND HEMATOLOGY OF BROILERS. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences.
10.Hao Zhuang, Li Zhen, Huo Jinjin, Chu Yaocheng, Li Jiandong, Yu Xiaohong, Liu Fenghua. and Yin Peng. 2021Effects of Chinese wolfberry and Astragalus Extracts on growth performance, pork quality, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism regulation in Tibetan fragrant pigs.[J]. Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho,92(1), pp.35-46.
11.Hu C H, Zuo A Y. and Wang D G. 2011. Effects of broccoli stems and leaves meal on production performance and egg quality of laying hens. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 170(1-2), pp.117-121.
12.Kalantar M, Hosseini S M. and Yang L. 2017. Performance, Immune, and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens as Affected by Thyme and Glycyrrhiza or Enzyme Supplemented Diets. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2161-7627(2161-7597).
13.Li Shuyi. 2014.The effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on the immune function of mice[D]. Hebei Union University.
14.Luo Zonggang, Wang Ling, Yang Yuanxin, Rao Jun, Wang Guanjun. and Wei Baiyu. 2019/ The effect of Glycyrrhiza Extract on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 37(02), pp.208-214.
15.Niu Zhuang. 2019.The effect of mugwort polysaccharides on growth performance and intestinal related indexes of broil-ers[D]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.
16.Park J H. and Kim I H. 2020. Effects of dietary Achyranthes japonica extract supplementation on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens - ScienceDirect. Poultry Science, 99( 1): pp.463-470.
17.Rashidi N, Khatibjoo A. and Taherpour K. 2020. Effects of Glycyrrhiza Extract, probiotic, toxin binder and poultry litter bi-ochar on performance, immune function, blood indices and liver histopathology of broilers exposed to aflatoxin-B 1. Poultry Science, 99( 11): pp.5896-5906.
18.Shan L, Ren L. and Zhu X. Immunomodulatory effect of γ-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers. Animal Science Journal, 90(5).
19.Shen, and Jing, Liu.2015. Dietary Astragalus polysaccharide alleviated immunological stress in broilers exposed to lipo-polysaccharide[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules: Structure, Function and Interactions, 72: pp.624-632.
20. Sugiharto. 2016. Role of nutraceuticals in gut health and growth performance of poultry[J]. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 15( 2):pp.99-111.
21.Suresh G, Das R K. and Kaur Brar S. 2017. Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed: molecular perspectives[J]. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, pp.1-18.
22.Wallace R J, Oleszek W. and Franz C. 2010. Dietary plant bioactives for poultry health and productivity[J]. British poultry science, 51(4): pp.461-487.
23.Wang Junli. 2010. Study on the effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on the immune performance and production perfor-mance of broilers. Yangzhou University.
24Wang Q, Wang X F. and Xing T. 2021. The combined impact of xylo-oligosaccharides and gamma-irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier function of broilers. Poultry Science, 100(3): 100909.
25.Wang X, Shen J. and Li S. 2014. Sulfated Astragalus polysaccharide regulates the inflammatory reaction in LPS-infected broiler chicks. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 69, pp.146-150.
26.Wang X, Li Y. and Shen J. 2015. Effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and its sulfated derivative on growth performance and immune condition of lipopolysaccharide-treated broilers[J]. International journal of biological macromolecules, 76, pp.188-194.
27.Wang Yakai. 2013.The effect of Jerusalem artichoke extract on broiler performance, meat quality and immune organs. Henan University of Science and Technology. 28.Wang Yandong, Wang Jiamin, Wei Xiaoqun, and Wang Yingli. 2021.The effect of compound Astragalus granules on the quality of broiler chicken[J]. Feed Research, 44(04): pp.31-34.
29.Wang Zhixiang, Lu Mei, Qi Xin. and Ding Jinghua. 2006. Effects of Astragalus Extract on Growth, Immune Organ Devel-opment and Antioxidant Function of Broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry, (17): pp.30-31.
30.Wu Hua, Zhang Hui. and Duan Qihui. 2010. The effect of Glycyrrhiza residue on the quality of grazing broiler chicken. Journal of Qinghai University (Natural Science Edition), 28(03): pp.58-61.
31.Wang Mingyuan. 2015. Study on the slaughter performance and meat quality of Yunnan yellow cattle fed with silage ba-nana stems and leaves. Kunming: Yunnan Agricultural University.
32.Xiang Jing. 2017. Research on the effect of glycyrrhiza miRNA on gene expression profile of human immune cells. Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.
33.Xu D. and Tian Y. 2015. Selenium and polysaccharides of atractylodes macrocephala koidz play different roles in improv-ing the immune response induced by heat stress in chickens. Biological trace element research, 168(1): pp.235-241.
34.Yin Decheng, Chen Zhili, Ma Youji, Wang Xia, Yan Xiaoyan. and An Xuejiao. 2021. The effects of adding different pro-portions of Astragalus by-products in diets on sheep slaughter performance, internal organ development and meat quality. Journal of Animal Nutrition: 1-11. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5461.S.20210519.0957.060.html.
35.Yitbarek A, Echeverry H. and Munyaka P. 2015. Innate immune response of pullets fed diets supplemented with prebiot-ics and synbiotics - ScienceDirect. Poultry Science, 94( 8): pp.1802-1811.
36.Yue Yongbo, Yang Guohui. and Du Zhenlong. 2010. Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Broiler Performance[J]. Northern Animal Husbandry,(16): pp.59-61.
37.Yusuf A, Sanpha K. and Yu X. 2016. Vaccination with Astragalus and Ginseng Polysaccharides Improves Immune Re-sponse of Chickens against H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus. Biomed Research International, 1510264. 38.Yuwei Zhang, Hailing Luo, Yong Chen, Leyan Yan, Yanfei Chang, Lijuan Jiao. and Kun Liu. 2013. Effects of liquorice extract on the pH value, temperature, drip loss, and meat color during aging of Longissimus dorsi muscle in Tan sheep[J]. Small Ruminant Re-search,113(1).
39. Zhang Bin. and Feng Tailan. 2014. 2014. Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharides on the Immune Function of Splenic Lymphocytes in Immunosuppressed Chickens. Animal and Poultry Industry,(12): pp.30-31.
40.Zhang C, Li C X. and Q. S. 2020. Effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide in diet on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and biochemistry of broilers. Poultry Science, 100(3).
41.Zhang Xiaojing, Shi Hongtao, Niu Xiangnan, Song Yuzhen, Tang Fayin, Bian Chuanzhou. and Qiao Hongxing. 2018. Ef-fects of fermented Astragalus-Glycyrrhiza water extract on growth performance, immune organ index and meat quality of 817 broil-ers. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 45(04): pp.933-939.
ISSN 
ISSN 
