COMPARISON OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF COWS' MILK NATIVE BREEDS
Abstract
The use of breeders of specialized Holstein and Swiss dairy breeds in Ukraine made it possible to increase the level of milk productivity of cows of domestic dairy breeds. At the same time, the question arises as to what changes have occurred with the quality indicators of milk in animals of these breeds. For this, it is necessary to carry out regular monitoring to assess the content of individual components of milk. This will make it possible to adjust selection measures in the direction of improving the quality characteristics of milk. In order to fulfill the set goal, studies were carried out that involved determining the quality characteristics of milk in cows of domestic breeds: Ukrainian black-spotted dairy (DPDG ISGPS NAAS n=20), Ukrainian brown dairy (DPDG ISGPS NAAS n=10; TDV Mayak n=10 ), Lebedinska (PZ "Mykhailivka" n=10; TDV "Kamyshanske" n=10), Simmental (PZ "Mykhailivka" n=10; SFG "Urozhai"). The content of components in milk was determined in the laboratory of the Sumy National Agrarian University using the Ultrasonic milk analyzer Master Classic, manufactured by Milkotester Ltd (Bulgaria). It was established that cows of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed were inferior to all other studied breeds in terms of average fat content in milk (p<0.01). Animals of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed were inferior to Lebedyn and Simmental in this respect (p<0.01). According to the average content of protein and casein, cows of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed were inferior to all studied breeds (р<0.01-р<0.01). In terms of the average lactose content, animals of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed were inferior to their peers of the Lebedin breed (p<0.05). Cows of the Lebedin breed prevailed in terms of lactose content (p<0.01), while Simmental cows, on the contrary, were inferior (p<0.05) to their peers of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed. Cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed are characterized by a lower content of dry matter in milk compared to animals of other studied breeds (р<0.01-р<0.001). In terms of the content of dry skimmed milk residue, animals of the Ukrainian brown dairy and Simmental breeds prevailed. From 10.2 to 17.3% accounts for the breed as a factor in the formation of quality indicators of milk.
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