ANALYSIS OF THE MASS-METRIC PARAMETERS OF COWS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES
Abstract
The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the body type of cows of different genotypes differentiated by the share of heredity according to the improving breed in the age dynamics in the conditions of the SE DG "Nova Peremoga" of the Zhytomyr region and the establishment of the conformity of the data of the selection groups with the parameters of animals of the desired type and the standard of the breed according to the main external features of conformation. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods in dairy cattle breeding. "Holsteinization" in this herd leads to a significant improvement of the external type of cows in the direction of an increase in height, width measurements and live weight. Animals with the highest share of heredity for the Holstein are characterized by high legs, a well-developed chest and a wide back. It is worth noting that there is a natural increase in live weight and measurements of the body structure in the dynamics of lactations, but the intensity of these changes is significantly determined by the share of Holstein heredity. Animals of the first group (93.7% and more according to Holstein) were distinguished by a more intense change in live weight and body structure measurements within lactations compared to peers of other groups. A comparison of cows of different genotypes with the parameters of animals of the desired type indicates that cows with 93.7% or more of Holstein blood in their genotype best correspond to the desired type in terms of measurements and indices of body structure. with an increase in the heritability of the Holstein breed, there is a decrease in the reliability criterion of the difference (td) from 1.04 to 1.54 and an increase in compliance with the desired parameters. First-born cows of different groups are significantly inferior to the breed standard in height at the withers, width and depth of the chest, and somewhat inferior in girth. The generalized average strength of the influence of the conditional share of heredity for the Holstein breed on the measurements of body structure was 2.5% in first-born cows and 6.1 in full-aged cows, and 1.7 and 2.9%, respectively, on indices of body structure. It is worth noting that with age, the power of influence of the conditional share of Holstein breed heredity on exterior characteristics increases and it is almost two times greater in full-aged cows compared to first-borns.
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