Development of beef cattle breeding status in Ukraine
Abstract
In solving international and national agricultural programs, the priority is to preserve the genetic resources of livestock and develop ways to use them effectively, because in the world there is a clear tendency to reduce the breed composition of domesticated species of animals. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to analyze and highlight the current state of tribal beef cattle in Ukraine, as well as the characteristics of domestic breeds, which are the basis for breeding work and forecasting their importance in the breeding process. To analyze the state of development of beef cattle in Ukraine, the State Register of Subjects of Tribal Affairs in Livestock for 2015 – 2019 was used. The research uses methods of system generalization, graphic, analytical and comparative-statistical. The analysis of the state of development of beef cattle breeding in Ukraine was carried out. It is shown that the largest livestock of cattle of beef breeds is concentrated in the north and west of the country, where natural and climatic conditions are favorable for the creation of a developed field of beef cattle breeding. It was established that the leaders in terms of number are Volyn and Chernihiv regions, and currently in Ukraine registered 52 breeding farms, where bred 11 breeds of beef cattle. The most numerous among the imported breeds is the Aberdeen and Angus breed. Among domestic breeds the largest is the share of Volyn and Polissia specialized beef breeds. It is shown that in the conditions of prolonged crisis in recent years tribal beef cattle in Ukraine has suffered a significant reduction in the amount, narrowing of the breed structure and changes in the form of ownership. In particular, in the period from 2019 to 2020, the sector of beef cattle in Ukraine suffered losses – the number of breeding herds generally decreased by 7%/. Some breeds as Simmental and southern meat in amount by 32-60%.
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