ADAPTATION SIGNS OF COWS FOR CHANGES OF KEEPING CONDITIONS DURING THE WINTER AND SUMMER PERIODS
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the influence of the season on the productive and ethological indicators and comfort of cows (II and III lactations) of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed when changing conditions of milking and milking during the adap-tation period. The research was carried out in Ostriykivske Agricultural Complex (Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region) on cows of the second and third lactations which were transferred from the capital premises to the prefabricated one during the summer (n = 34) and winter (n = 58) periods. The number of cows was kept in a capital-type facility (LxWxH 76х12х6 m) for 100 heads during No-vember-March, and during April-October it was loose in the playgrounds. Milking took place indoors at the UDM-200 unit. The ani-mals were transferred to an easily assembled room with a free-range and boxing content of 400 heads (150x36x10.5 m) with milking in the milking parlor at the Carousel installation. The studies were performed during the adaptation period (30 days after the change of detention conditions). The adaptation period was divided into VI periods lasting 5 days each. The influence of the season on the adaptive traits of cows of II and III lactations to the change of housing and milking conditions is proved. Behavioral reactions in a group of animals that were transferred to new housing and milking conditions during the 30-day adaptation period in the warm months of the year (April-October) corresponded to the recommended indicators according to the "ideal day" schedule for dairy cows starting from IV period (16 days), and in the group of cows that changed the conditions of keeping in the cold period (November-March) starting from the VI period (26 days). In addition, in the group of animals that changed the conditions of keeping in the warm period of the year, higher values of four indices of comfort for boxing cows and productivity (by 2.04-2.60 kg>; P <0.95) were ob-served compared to the group of cows that were transferred in new conditions of keeping and milking during the cold period.
References
Angrecka S. and Herbut P. Conditions for cold stress development in dairy cattle kept in free stall barn during severe frosts. Czech Journal of Animal Science. 2015. issue 60(2), pp. 81–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.17221/7978-CJAS
Angrecka S., Herbut P., Godyń D., Vieira F.M.C. and Zwolenik M. Dynamics of Microclimate Conditions in Freestall Barns During Winter – a Case Study from Poland. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2020. issue 5, pp. 129–136. doi: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/122235
Bewley J.M., Robertson L.M. and Eckelkamp E.A. A 100-Year Review: Lactating dairy cattle housing management. Journal of Dairy Science. 2017. issue 100 (12), pp. 10418–10431. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13251
Borshch A.A., Ruban S., Borshch A.V. and Babenko O.I. Effect of three bedding materials on the microclimate conditions, cows behavior and milk yield. Polish Journal of Natural Science. 2019. issue 34 (1), pp. 19–31.
Borshch O.O., Gutyj B.V., Sobolev O.I., Borshch O.V., Ruban S.Yu., Bilkevich V.V., Dutka V.R., Chernenko O. M., Zhelavskyi M. M. and Nahirniak T. Adaptation strategy of different cow genotypes to the voluntary milking system. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 2020a. issue 10(1), pp. 145–150. doi: https://doi.org/10.15421/2020_23.
Borshch O.O., Ruban S.Yu., Gutyj B.V., Borshch O.V., Sobolev O.I., Kosior L.T., Fedorchenko M.M., Kirii A.A., Pivtorak Y.I., Salamakha I.Yu., Hordiichuk N.M., Hordiichuk L.M., Kamratska O.I. and Denkovich B.S. Comfort and cow behavior during periods of intense precipitation. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 2020b. issue 10(6), pp. 98–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.15421/2020_265
Borshch O.O., Borshch O.V., Sobolev O.I., Nadtochii V.M., Slusar M.V., Gutyj B.V., Polishchuk S.A., Malina V.V., Korol A.P., Korol-Bezpala L.P., Bezpalyi I.F., and Cherniavskyi O.O. Wind speed in easily assembled premises with different design constructions for side curtains in winter. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 2021a. issue 11(1), pp. 325–328. https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_49
Borshch O.O., Ruban S.Yu. and Borshch O.V. The influence of genotypic and phenotypic factors on the comfort and welfare rates of cows during the period of global climate changes. Agraarteadus. 2021b. issue 1, pp. 25–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.21.12
Cook N.B., Bennett, T.B. and Nordlund K.V. Monitoring indices of cow comfort in free-stall-housed dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 2005. issue 88, pp. 3876–3885. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73073-3
Fabris T.F., Laporta J., Skibiel A.L., Corra F.N., Senn B.D., Wohlgemuth S.E., and Dahl G.E. Effect of heat stress during early, late, and entire dry period on dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019. issue 102, pp. 5647–5656. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15721
Hempel S., Menz C., Pinto S., Galan E., Janke D., Estellés F., Müschner-Siemens T., Wang X., Heinicke J., Zhang G., Amon B., del Prado A. and Amon T. Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts. Earth System Dynamics. 2019. issue 10, pp. 859–884. doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-859-2019
Krawczel P. and Grant R. Effect of cow comfort on milk quality, productivity and behavior. Pages 15–24 in Proc. 48th Annu. Meet. Natl. Mastit. Counc., Charlotte, NC. 2009. National Mastitis Council, Verona, WI.
Leiva T., Cooke R.F., Brandão A.P., Schubach K.M., Batista L.F.D., Miranda M.F., Colombo E.A., Rodrigues R.O., Junior J.R.G., Cerri R.L.A. and Vasconcelos, J.L.M. Supplementing an immunomodulatory feed ingredient to modulate thermoregulation, physiologic, and production responses in lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions. Journal of Dairy Science. 2017. issue 100(6), pp. 4829–4838. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds. 2016-12258.
Nelson A.J. On-farm nutrition diagnostics. Pages 76–85 in Proc. 29th Annu. Conf. Am. Bovine Pract., San. Diego, CA. 1996. Am. Assoc. Bovine Pract., Rome, GA.
Overton M.W., Sischo W.M., Temple G.H. and Moore D.A. Using time-lapse video photography to assess dairy cattle lying behavior in a free-stall barn. Journal of Dairy Science. 2002. issue 85, pp. 2407–2413. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74323-3.
Ruban S., Borshch O.O., Borshch O.V., Orischuk O., Balatskiy Y., Fedorchenko M., Kachan A., and Zlochevskiy M. The impact of high temperatures on respiration rate, breathing condition and productivity of dairy cows in different production systems. Animal Science Papers and Reports. 2020. issue 38(l), pp. 61–72.
Tucker C.B., Weary D.M. and Fraser D. Influence of neck-rail placement on free-stall preference, use, and cleanliness. Journal of Dairy Science. 2005. issue 88, pp. 2730–2737. doi: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72952-0
Vaculikova M., I. Komzakova I. and Chladek G. The effect of low air temperature on behaviour and milk production in holstein dairy cows. Acta Universitatis Agricultural Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 2017. issue 65, pp. 1623–1627. doi: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051623
Vitt R., Weber L., Zollitsch W., Hörtenhuber S.J., Baumgartner J., Niebuhr K., Piringer M., Anders I., Andre K., Hennig-Pauka I., Schönhart M. and Schauberger G. Modelled performance of energy saving air treatment devices to mitigate heat stress for confined livestock buildings in Central Europe. Biosystems Engineering. 2017. issue 164, pp. 85–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.013
von Keyserlingk M.A.G., Martin N.P., Kebreab E., Knowlton K.F., Grant R.J., Stephenson M., Sniffen C.J., Harner J.P., Wright A.D., and Smith S.I. Invited review: Sustainability of the US dairy industry. Journal of Dairy Science. 2013. Issue 96, pp. 5405–5425. doi: https://doi.org/10. 3168/jds.2012-6354
ISSN 
ISSN 
