LIFESPAN OF UKRAINIAN BROWN COWS OF DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON THE EVALUATION LEVEL OF UDDER LINEAR TRAITS
Keywords:
Ukrainian brown dairy breed, first-born cows, udder, linear type traits, lifespan
Abstract
Morphological udder traits of dairy cows occupy a leading place in the system of linear classification of dairy cattle with the highest weighting factor of 40 %. Such a significant attention to the udder evaluation explained by the existence of a correlative relationship between the udder descriptive linear traits and milk productivity, especially with the functional life duration of dairy cows. In this regard, research results presented in this article on the study of influence the evaluation level of udder linear traits on the cows’ lifespan of Ukrainian brown dairy breed are sufficiently motivated and relevant. The evaluation of first-born cows by type was conducted in the advanced farms of Sumy region using the method of linear classification. We took into account the results of evaluation of descriptive traits on a 9-score scale. Five descriptive udder traits included in the linear classification system were studied: front udder attachment, rear udder attachment height, central ligament, udder depth and location of front teats. The research results proved the existence of a reliable correlation between the udder morphological traits and cows’ lifespan of controlled herds. It was established that each of evaluated linear traits exerted its influence on the cows’ lifespan with different correlative variability of scores within each evaluated trait. The front udder attachment evaluation showed a difference of 654 days between cows scored 1 and 9 (P<0.001). The difference between evaluation the trait of rear udder attachment height in 1 and 9 scores was 610 days (Р<0.001). First-born cows (17.3%) with scores for the condition of central udder ligament downward from the average (1–4 scores) had a lifespan of 2436–2156 days, while the same age group with the highest score of 9 differed a high functional life – 2786 days. The advantage was 350-630 days (Р<0.001). In evaluated cows with the udder located the highest relative to the hock, with a score of 8, the difference in lifespan, compared to animals with lowered udder, was 597 days (P<0.001). First-born cows with the trait of front teats location with an average score of 5 had a longer lifespan by 156–484 days (P<0.001) compared to the same age cows with scores from 4 to 1.
References
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21. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V. Vplyv yakisnoho rozvytku morfolohichnykh oznak vymeni koriv ukrainskoi chervono-riaboi molochnoi porody na yikhnie dovholittia [Influence of qualitative development of udder morphological traits cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed on their longevity]. Ahrarna nauka ta kharchovi tekhnolohii. Vinnytsia. [Agrarian science and food technology. Vinnitsa.], 2016, no. 1(91), pp. 211–219. (in Ukrainian)
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24. Ladyka, V.I., Khmelnychyi, L.M. Selektsiya koriv za typom v aspekti zberezhennya henofondu buroyi khudoby [Selection of cows by type in the aspect of preservation of the gene pool of brown cattle]. Ahrarna nauka ta kharchovi tekhnolohiyi. Vinnytsya [Agricultural science and food technology. Vinnytsia], 2017, no. 5(99), pp. 81–87. (in Ukrainian)
25. Lagrotta, M.R., R.F., Euclydes, R.S., Verneque, M.L., Santana J., R.J., Pereira, and R.A., Torres. (2010). Relationship between morphological traits and milk production in Gir cows. Pes. Agr. Bras. 45:423–429.
26. Lāsma C., J., Daina, and P., Līga. (2016). Effect of conformation traits on longevity of dairy cows in Latvia. Research for rural development. Jelgava. 1:43-49.
27. Morek-Kopec, M., and A., Zarnecki. (2012). Relationship between conformation traits and longevity in Polish Holstein Friesian cattle. Liv. Sci. 149:53-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.06.022
28. Novotný, L., J., Frelich, J., Beran, and L., Zavadilová. (2017). Genetic relationship between type traits, number of lactations initiated, and lifetime milk performance in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 62:501-510. DOI: 10.17221/60/2017-CJAS
29. Samoré, A.B., R., Rizzi, A., Rossoni, and A., Bagnato. (2010). Genetic parameters for functional longevity, type traits, somatic cell scores, milk flow and production in the Italian Brown Swiss. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 9:28. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2010.
30. Sasaki, O. (2013). Estimation of genetic parameters for longevity traits in dairy cattle: a review with focus on the characteristics of analytical models. J. Anim. Sci. 84(6):449-60. DOI: 10.1111/asj.12066. Epub Apr 18.
31. Sawa, A., M., Bogucki, S., Krwhel-Czopek, and W., Neja. (2013). Relationship between conformation traits and lifetime production efficiency of cows. Life Sci. 85-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/124690
32. Sewalem A., F., Miglior, G.J., Kistemaker, P., Sullivan, and B.J., Van Doormaal. (2008). Relationship between reproduction traits and functional longevity in Canadian dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 91:1660–1668.
33. Vacek, M., M., Štípková, E., Němcová and J., Bouška. (2006). Relationships between conformation traits and longevity of Holstein cows in the Czech Republic. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 51(8):327–333.
34. Zavadilová, L., M., Štípková, E., Němcová, J., Bouška, and J., Matějíčková. (2009). Analysis of the phenotypic relationships between type traits and functional survival in Czech Fleckvieh cows. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 54(12):521–531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/29/2009-CJAS
35. Zink, V., L., Zavadilová, J., Lassen, M., Štípková, M., Vacek, and L., Štolc. (2014). Analyses of genetic relationships between linear type traits, fat-to-protein ratio, milk production traits, and somatic cell count in first-parity Czech Holstein cows. Czech. J. Anim. Sci. 59(12):539–547. DOI: http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/138127.
2. Campos, R.V., J.A., Cobuci, C.N., Costa, and J.B., Neto. (2012). Genetic parameters for type traits in Holstein cows in Brazil. Revista Bras. Zoo. 41(10):2150-2161. DOI: 10.1590 / S1516-35982012001000003
3. Caraviello, D.Z., K.A., Weigel, and D., Gianola. (2004). Analysis of the Relationship between type traits and functional survival in US Holstein cattle using a Weibull proportional Hazards model. J. Dairy Sci. 87(8):2677–2686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73394-9
4. Cruickshank, J., K.A., Weigel, M.R., Dentine, and B.W., Kirkpatrick. (2002). Indirect prediction of herd life in Guernsey dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85(5):1307–1313. DOI: 10.3168 / jds.S0022-0302 (02) 74195-7
5. Daliri, Z., S.H., Hafezian, A.S., Parvar, and G., Rahimi. (2008). Genetic Relationships among longevity, milk production and linear type traits in Iranian Holstein cattle. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7(4):512-515. DOI: http://medwelljournals.com/ab Abstrac t/?doi=javaa.2008.512.515
6. Du Toit, J., J.B., Van Wyk, and A., Maiwashe. (2012). Relationships between functional herd life and conformation traits in the South African Jersey breed. South Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 42(1):47-54. DOI: 10.4314 / sajas.v42i1.6
7. Forabosco, F., J.H., Jakobsen, and W.F., Fikse. (2009). International genetic evaluation for direct longevity in dairy bulls. J. Dairy Sci. 92:2338-2347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds. 2008-1214
8. García-Ruiz, A., F.J., Ruiz-López, C.G., Vázquez-Peláez, and M., Valencia-Posadas. (2016). Impact of conformation traits on genetic evaluation of length of productive life of holstein cattle. Inter. J. Liv. Prod. 7(11):66–75. https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJLP/article-full-text-pdf/338FE3860409
9. Gibson, K.D., and C.D., Dechow. (2018). Genetic parameters for yield, fitness, and type traits in US Brown Swiss dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 101(2):1251–1257. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13041. Epub 2017 Nov 23.
10. ICAR Recording Guidelines approved by the General Assembly held in Berlin, Germany, on May 2014. Copyright: 2014, ICAR. 618 р.
11. Jovanovac, S., and N., Raguž. (2011). Analysis of the Relationships between type traits and longevity in Croatian Simmental cattle. Using survival analysis. Agr. Cons. Sci. 76(3):249–253. DOI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/72046
12. Kern, E.L., J.A., Cobuci, C.N., Costa, C.M., McManus, and J.B., Neto. (2015). Genetic association between longevity and linear type traits of Holstein cows. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.). 72(3):203–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0007
13. Khmelnychyi, L.M. (2007). Otsinka ekster"yeru tvaryn v systemi selektsiyi molochnoyi khudoby: monohrafiya [Estimation of animals conformation in the breeding system of dairy cattle : monograph]. Sumy, “Mriya–1”, 260 p. (in Ukrainian)
14. Khmelnychyi, L.M. Problema efektyvnoho dovholittya ta dovichnoyi produktyvnosti molochnykh koriv v aspekti yikhn'oyi zalezhnosti vid spadkovykh ta paratypovykh chynnykiv [The problem of effective longevity and lifetime productivity of dairy cows in terms of their dependence on hereditary and paratypic factors]. Visnyk Sums'koho natsional'noho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriya “Tvarynnytstvo” [Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. Series “Animal Husbandry”], 2016, no. 7(30), pp.13–31. (in Ukrainian)
15. Khmelnychyi, L.M. Uspadkovuvanist' ta korelyatsiyna minlyvist' liniynykh oznak ekster"yeru koriv-pervistok ukrayins'koyi chervono-ryaboyi molochnoyi porody Cherkashchyny [Heritability and correlation variability of linear traits of the conformation of firstborn cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed in Cherkasy region]. Naukovo-informatsiynyy Visnyk Khersons'koho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Kherson. [Scientific-informative Bulletin of Kherson State Agrarian University. Kherson.], 2018, no. 11, pp. 73–75. (in Ukrainian)
16. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Ladyka, V.I., Polupan, Yu.P., Salohub, A.M., (2008). Metodyka liniinoi klasyfikatsii koriv molochnykh i molochno-miasnykh porid za typom [Method of linear classification of cows of dairy and dairy-meat breeds by type]. Sumy, “Мрія–1”, 28 p. (in Ukrainian)
17. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Loboda, V.P., Shevchenko, A.P. Fenotypova ta spoluchena minlyvist' liniynykh oznak ekster"yeru koriv molochnykh porid Sumshchyny [Phenotypic and correlative variability of linear conformation traits of cows of dairy breeds in Sumy region]. Rozvedennya i henetyka tvaryn. Mizhvidomchyy tematychnyy naukovyy zbirnyk [Animal Breeding and genetics. Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection], 2015, no. 50, pp.103–111. (in Ukrainian)
18. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V. Korreljacionnaja izmenchivost' linejnyh priznakov korov ukrainskoj cherno-pestroj molochnoj porody [Correlation variability of linear traits cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed]. Zootehnicheskaja nauka Belarusi. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov. Zhodino. [Zootechnical science of Belarus. Collection of scientific papers. Zhodino.], 2017, no. 52, pp. 28–37. (in Ukrainian)
19. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V. Tryvalist zhyttia koriv ukrainskykh chervono-riaboi ta chorno-riaboi molochnykh porid zalezhno vid otsinky liniinykh oznak vymeni [Longevity of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-Black and black-and-White dairy breeds, depending on the assessment of udder linear traits]. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series "Livestock" [Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia "Tvarynnytstvo"], 2018, no. 7(35), pp. 12–18. (in Ukrainian)
20. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V. Tryvalist' zhyttya koriv ukrayins'koyi chorno-ryaboyi molochnoyi porody v zalezhnosti vid rivnya liniynoyi otsinky morfolohichnykh oznak vymeni [Longevity of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed depending on the level of linear estimation udder morphological traits]. Naukovo-teoretychnyy zbirnyk Zhytomyrs'koho natsional'noho ahroekolohichnoho universytetu. ZhNAEU. [Scientific-theoretical collection of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. ZHNAU], 2015, no. 2(52), pp. 57–62. (in Ukrainian)
21. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V. Vplyv yakisnoho rozvytku morfolohichnykh oznak vymeni koriv ukrainskoi chervono-riaboi molochnoi porody na yikhnie dovholittia [Influence of qualitative development of udder morphological traits cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed on their longevity]. Ahrarna nauka ta kharchovi tekhnolohii. Vinnytsia. [Agrarian science and food technology. Vinnitsa.], 2016, no. 1(91), pp. 211–219. (in Ukrainian)
22. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V., Khmelnychyi, S.L. Osoblyvosti eksteriernoho typu molochnoi khudoby riznoho pokhodzhennia ta spivvidnosna minlyvist liniinykh oznak z nadoiem koriv holshtynskoi porody [Features of conformation type of dairy cattle of different origin and relative variability of linear traits with milk yield of Holstein cows]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn [Breeding and genetics of animals], 2018, no. 56, pp. 77–83. (in Ukrainian)
23. Khmelnychyi, S.L. (2018). The correlated variability of cow linear traits of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. Rozvedennia ta selektsiia tvaryn: dosiahnennia, problemy, perspektyvy. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. [Animal breeding and selection: achievements, problems, prospects. Collection of scientific papers Intern. research practical conf.]. Zhytomyr, pp. 111–115. (in Ukrainian)
24. Ladyka, V.I., Khmelnychyi, L.M. Selektsiya koriv za typom v aspekti zberezhennya henofondu buroyi khudoby [Selection of cows by type in the aspect of preservation of the gene pool of brown cattle]. Ahrarna nauka ta kharchovi tekhnolohiyi. Vinnytsya [Agricultural science and food technology. Vinnytsia], 2017, no. 5(99), pp. 81–87. (in Ukrainian)
25. Lagrotta, M.R., R.F., Euclydes, R.S., Verneque, M.L., Santana J., R.J., Pereira, and R.A., Torres. (2010). Relationship between morphological traits and milk production in Gir cows. Pes. Agr. Bras. 45:423–429.
26. Lāsma C., J., Daina, and P., Līga. (2016). Effect of conformation traits on longevity of dairy cows in Latvia. Research for rural development. Jelgava. 1:43-49.
27. Morek-Kopec, M., and A., Zarnecki. (2012). Relationship between conformation traits and longevity in Polish Holstein Friesian cattle. Liv. Sci. 149:53-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.06.022
28. Novotný, L., J., Frelich, J., Beran, and L., Zavadilová. (2017). Genetic relationship between type traits, number of lactations initiated, and lifetime milk performance in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 62:501-510. DOI: 10.17221/60/2017-CJAS
29. Samoré, A.B., R., Rizzi, A., Rossoni, and A., Bagnato. (2010). Genetic parameters for functional longevity, type traits, somatic cell scores, milk flow and production in the Italian Brown Swiss. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 9:28. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2010.
30. Sasaki, O. (2013). Estimation of genetic parameters for longevity traits in dairy cattle: a review with focus on the characteristics of analytical models. J. Anim. Sci. 84(6):449-60. DOI: 10.1111/asj.12066. Epub Apr 18.
31. Sawa, A., M., Bogucki, S., Krwhel-Czopek, and W., Neja. (2013). Relationship between conformation traits and lifetime production efficiency of cows. Life Sci. 85-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/124690
32. Sewalem A., F., Miglior, G.J., Kistemaker, P., Sullivan, and B.J., Van Doormaal. (2008). Relationship between reproduction traits and functional longevity in Canadian dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 91:1660–1668.
33. Vacek, M., M., Štípková, E., Němcová and J., Bouška. (2006). Relationships between conformation traits and longevity of Holstein cows in the Czech Republic. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 51(8):327–333.
34. Zavadilová, L., M., Štípková, E., Němcová, J., Bouška, and J., Matějíčková. (2009). Analysis of the phenotypic relationships between type traits and functional survival in Czech Fleckvieh cows. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 54(12):521–531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/29/2009-CJAS
35. Zink, V., L., Zavadilová, J., Lassen, M., Štípková, M., Vacek, and L., Štolc. (2014). Analyses of genetic relationships between linear type traits, fat-to-protein ratio, milk production traits, and somatic cell count in first-parity Czech Holstein cows. Czech. J. Anim. Sci. 59(12):539–547. DOI: http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/138127.
Published
2023-04-20
How to Cite
Khmelnychyi, L. M., SamokhinаE. A., Khmelnychyi, S. L., & Kuchkova, T. P. (2023). LIFESPAN OF UKRAINIAN BROWN COWS OF DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON THE EVALUATION LEVEL OF UDDER LINEAR TRAITS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.lvst.2023.1.1
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