ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ ТА ЗВ'ЯЗОК ВІДТВОРЮВАЛЬНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ СВИНОМАТОК В УМОВАХ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ФЕРМ ЗАХІДНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ПІВОСТРОВА ЮТЛАНДІЯ
Ключові слова:
свиноматка, відтворювальні якості, інтенсивність використання, збереженість, витрати кормів, кореляційні зв’язки
Анотація
Встановлено, що за рахунок спрямованості селекції данських свиней на покращення багатоплідності щорічне її підвищення склало за досліджувані 10 років 1,63%, кількість відлучених поросят на свиноматку щорічно збільшувалась за цей період на 1,53%, маса гнізда поросят при народжені на 0,81% та при відлучені на 0,90%. Водночас величина ознак негативно корелюючих з багатоплідністю щорічно за останнє десятиріччя знижувалася. Так великоплідність щорічно зменшувалась на 0,71%, маса одного поросяти при відлучені на 0,52%, середньодобовий приріст в підсисний період на 0,77%, абсолютний приріст за цей період на 0,47% та збереженість поросят до відлучення на 0,08%. Але, не дивлячись на зниження деяких ознак відтворювальної здатності, за рахунок суттєвого збільшення кількості живих поросят при народженні комплексні індекси відтворювальних якостей свиноматок щорічно збільшувалися на 1,26–1,45%. Доведено, що інтенсивна селекція свиноматок данської селекції на підвищення багатоплідності посприяла щорічному підвищенню на 1,54% кількості відлучених поросят від свиноматки в рік, спричинила подовження на 0,32% тривалості лактації та збільшення на 0,13% смертності свиноматок. Водночас, разом з покращенням умови утримання і годівлі свиноматок, вона посприяла зменшенню на 1,69% кількості непродуктивних днів у свиноматки в рік, скороченню щорічних витрат корму на одну свиноматку на 0,90% і на 2,12% в розрахунку на одне відлучене порося. За розрахунками сили і напрямку зв’язку між основними відтворними та технологічними ознаками встановлено, що багатоплідність мала дуже високу пряму вірогідну силу кореляційного зв’язку з кількістю відлучених поросят на опорос (r = 0,95); кількістю відлучених поросят на свиноматку в рік (r = 0,90); високу пряму вірогідну силу кореляційного зв’язку з масою гнізда при відлученні (r = 0,81); слабкий прямий зв'язок з тривалістю лактації (r = 0,28); слабкий зворотній зв'язок з масою одного поросяти при відлучені (r = – 0,25) та збереженістю поросят (r = – 0,11). Кількість відлучених поросят на свиноматку в рік позитивно корелювала з дуже високою силою (r = 0,96) з кількістю поросят при відлучені на опорос; багатоплідністю (r = 0,90); помірною силою (r = 0,63) з масою гнізда поросят при відлученні, слабкою силою з тривалістю лактації (r = 0,03) та збереженістю – (r = 0,22), і мала зворотній помірної сили корелятивний зв'язок з масою одного поросяти при відлучені (r = – 0,43). Маса гнізда поросят при відлученні мала сильну позитивну кореляцію з багатоплідністю (r = 0,81), кількістю відлучених поросят від свиноматки на опорос (r = 0,73) та за рік (r = 0,63), слабку позитивну кореляцію з тривалістю лактації (r =0,25) та слабку зворотну кореляцію з збереженість поросят (r = –0,20) та масою одного поросяти при відлучені (r = –0,18)
Посилання
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Опубліковано
2024-10-08
Як цитувати
Вощенко, І. Б. (2024). ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ ТА ЗВ’ЯЗОК ВІДТВОРЮВАЛЬНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ СВИНОМАТОК В УМОВАХ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ФЕРМ ЗАХІДНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ПІВОСТРОВА ЮТЛАНДІЯ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Тваринництво, (3), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.lvst.2024.3.2
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