УСПАДКОВУВАНІСТЬ ТА СПІВВІДНОСНА МІНЛИВІСТЬ З НАДОЄМ ЛІНІЙНИХ ОЗНАК КОРІВ-ПЕРВІСТОК ГОЛШТИНСЬКОЇ ПОРОДИ
Ключові слова:
голштинська порода, екстер’єр, надій, кореляція, успадковуваність.
Анотація
Проведені дослідження з оцінки корів-первісток голштинської породи (української чорно-рябої молочної з умовною кровністю голштина вище за 93,75 %) за екстер’єрним типом. База досліджень – племінний завод ПП “Буринське” Підліснівського відділення Сумського району. Використовували сучасну методику лінійної класифікації з оцінкою за двома системами: 9-бальною, з описуванням 18 статей екстер'єру, і 100-бальною, з урахуванням чотирьох комплексів селекційних ознак, які характеризують: молочний тип, тулуб, кінцівки і вим’я. Викладено популяційно-генетичний аспект з визначення успадковуваності та співвідносної мінливості лінійних ознак з надоєм корів голштинської породи вітчизняної селекції в Сумському регіоні. Встановлено, що найкраще корелюють з величиною надою групові ознаки, які характеризують молочний тип корів (r=0,398), розвиток тулуба (r=0,412), стан кінцівок (r=0,215), морфологічні якості вимені (r=0,466) та фінальна оцінка типу (r=0,474). Найвищі коефіцієнти успадковуваності виявлено для групових ознак молочного типу (h2=0,366), тулуба (h2=0,328), вимені (h2=0,385) та фінальної оцінки (h2=0,477). Середній та помірний рівень успадковуваності встановлено за описовими ознаками: висотою (h2=0,286), глибиною тулуба (h2=0,275), кутастістю (h2=0,414), шириною заду (h2=0,295), поставою тазових кінцівок (h2=0,274), переднім (h2=0,351) і заднім (h2=0,296) прикріпленням вимені та центральною зв’язкою (h2=0,294). Встановлений достатній рівень успадковуваності лінійних ознак та співвідносної мінливості між ними та надоєм дозволяє селекціонерам ефективно вести добір молочної худоби у напрямку поліпшення екстер’єру та продуктивності.
Посилання
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2. Basovskiy, N. Z., 1983. Populyatsionnaya genetika v selektsii molochnogo skota [Population genetics in selective breeding of dairy cattle]. Moskva: Kolos.
3. Burkat, V. P., Yefimenko, M. Ya., Podoba, B. Ye. and Dzitsiuk, V. V., 2003. Naukovi i prykladni aspekty henetychnoho monitorynhu u tvarynnytstvi [Scientific and applied aspects of genetic monitoring in animal husbandry]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, no. 5, pp. 32-39.
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5. Yu. F. Melnyk, V. P. Kovalenko and A. M. Uhnivenko. eds., 2008. Hopka, B. M., Kovalenko, V. P., Melnyk, Yu. F., Kovalenko, V. P., Uhnivenko, A. M. et al. Selektsiia silskohospodarskykh tvaryn [Breeding of farm animals]. Kyiv: «Intas».
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7. Zubets, M. V. and Polupan, Yu. P., 1996. Metody i znachennia eksteriernoi otsinky molochnoi khudoby [Methods and significance exterior estimation of dairy cattle]. New methods of selection and reproduction of highly productive breeds and types of animals, Proceedings of the International Conference, 1996. Kyiv, pp. 74-75.
8. Karymsakov, T. N., 2018. Fenotipicheskie i geneticheskie pokazateli ekster'ernykh priznakov golshtinizirovannogo molochnogo skota Kazakhstana [Phenotypic and genetic indicators of the conformation traits of Holsteinized dairy cattle in Kazakhstan]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoy gosudarstvennoy akademii veterinarnoy meditsiny im. N.E. Baumana. vol. 240, no 4, pp. 101-104.
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10. Konte, A. F., Kharitonov, S. N., Sermyagin A. A., Ermilov, A. N., Yanchukov, I. N. and Zinov'eva, N. A., 2017. Izmenchivost' selektsionno-geneticheskikh parametrov lineynoy otsenki tipa teloslozheniya docherey bykov populyatsii golshtinizirovannogo cherno-pestrogo skota [Variability of selection and genetic parameters of the body type linear assessment of daughters of bulls in the population of Holsteinized Black-and-White cattle]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo, no. 8, pp. 3-9.
11. Kushner, Kh. F., 1964. Nasledstvennost' sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh [The heredity of farm animals]. Moskva: Kolos.
12. Ladyka, V. I., Khmelnychyi, L. M., Burkat, V. P. and Ruban, S. Yu. 2010. Reyestratsiya ICAR. Dovidnyk [ICAR Registration: Reference book]. Sumy: Sumy National Agrarian University.
13. Merkur'eva, E. K., 1977. Geneticheskie osnovy selektsii v skotovodstve [Genetic bases of selection in livestock]. Moskva: Kolos.
14. Khmelnychyi, L. M., Ladyka, V. I., Polupan, Yu. P., Bratushka, R. V., Pryima, S. V. and Vechorka, V. V., 2016. Liniina klasyfikatsiia koriv molochnykh i molochno-miasnykh porid za typom. (Metodychni vkazivky) – 2-e vyd., pererob. i dop. [Linear classification of dairy and dairy-meat cows by type. (Methodical instructions). 2nd ed., reworked and ext.]. Sumy: Sumskyi natsionalnyi ahrarnyi universytet.
15. Novoselova, K. S., 2019. Svyaz' molochnoy produktivnosti korov-pervotelok s ekster'erom v SKhPK-SKhA (kolkhoz) "Pervoe Maya" [The connection between milk productivity of first-calf cows with conformation in the SKHPK-SHA (collective farm) "Pervoe Maya"]. Aktual'nye voprosy sovershenstvovaniya tekhnologi proizvodstva i pererabotki produktsii sel'skogo khozyaystva, no. 21, pp. 356-359.
16. Polupan, Yu. P., 2000. Povtoryaemost' i vzaimosvyaz' instrumental'noy i glazomernoy otsenki ekster'era krupnogo rogatogo skota [Repeatability and interrelation of instrumental and visual assessment of the cattle conformation]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya, no. 2, pp. 108-114.
17. Polupan, Yu. P., 2007. Subiektyvni aktsenty z deiakykh pytan osnov selektsii ta porodoutvorennia [Subjective accents on some questions about genetic basis of selection and breed formation]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn, issue 41, pp. 194–208.
18. Timofeev-Resovskiy, N.V., Yablokov, A.V. and Glotov, N.V., 1973. Ocherk ucheniya o populyatsii [Essay on the doctrine about the population]. Moskva: Nauka.
19. Khmelnychyi, L. M., 2017. Osoblyvosti eksteriernoho typu koriv ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody Cherkaskoho rehionu otsinenykh za metodykoiu liniinoi klasyfikatsii [Conformation type features of cows Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in Cherkassy region estimated by the method of linear classification]. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn, issue 54, pp. 112–119.
20. Khmelnychyi, L. M., 2014. Praktykum z selektsii silskohospodarskykh tvaryn [Workshop on breeding of farm animals]. Sumy: Vydavnytstvo: FOP Lytovchenko, Ye. B.
21. Khmelnychyi, L. M., 2004. Uspadkovuvanist liniinykh oznak eksterieru [Heritability of the linear conformation traits]. Naukovyi visnyk Lvivskoi natsion. akad. vet. medytsyny im. S. Z. Hzhytskoho, vol. 6(3), pp. 58-62.
22. Khmelnychyi, L. M., 2018. Uspadkovuvanist ta koreliatsiina minlyvist liniinykh oznak eksterieru koriv-pervistok ukrainskoi chervono-riaboi molochnoi porody Cherkashchyny [Heritability and correlation variability of linear conformation traits cows firstborn Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed of Cherkasy region]. Naukovo-informatsiinyi Visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Kherson, issue 11, pp. 73-75.
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Опубліковано
2020-11-30
Як цитувати
Карпенко , Б. (2020). УСПАДКОВУВАНІСТЬ ТА СПІВВІДНОСНА МІНЛИВІСТЬ З НАДОЄМ ЛІНІЙНИХ ОЗНАК КОРІВ-ПЕРВІСТОК ГОЛШТИНСЬКОЇ ПОРОДИ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Тваринництво, (3 (42), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2020.3.8
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