УСПАДКОВУВАНІСТЬ ЛІНІЙНИХ ОЗНАК ТИПУ КОРІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЧЕРВОНО-РЯБОЇ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ ТА ЇХНІЙ ЗВ’ЯЗОК З ОЗНАКАМИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ Й ДОВГОЛІТТЯ
Ключові слова:
українська червоно-ряба, порода, лінійна оцінка типу, кореляція, успадковуваність, молочна продуктивність, довголіття.
Анотація
Метою цього дослідження було визначення рівня успадковуваності лінійних ознак типу корів української червоно-рябої молочної породи з оцінкою сполученої мінливості між лінійними ознаками і молочною продуктивністю та вивчення впливу фінальної оцінки на ознаки довголіття корів. Рівень успадковуваності групових ознак засвідчив про ефективність масової селекції корів за молочним типом (h2=0,487), розвитком тулуба (h2=0,445), вимені (h2=0,484) та за фінальною оцінкою (h2=0,533). Успадковуваність описових ознак відрізнялася мінливістю у межах від h2=0,112 (кут ратиць) до h2=0,575 (прикріплення передніх часток вимені). Високі коефіцієнти кореляції отримано між групами лінійних ознак, які характеризують молочний тип (r=0,502), тулуб (r=0,488) та вим’я (r=0,537) і величиною надою за 305 днів першої лактації. Майже на такому ж рівні знаходяться коефіцієнти кореляцій між перерахованими групами лінійних ознак та молочним жиром (r=0,455-0,514). Найвищі коефіцієнти кореляції виявлено між фінальною оцінкою та ознаками молочної продуктивності, особливо з надоєм (r=0,568) та виходом молочного жиру (r=0,552). За оцінкою описових ознак, які характеризують екстер’єрний тип корів, тісно і позитивно впливали на величину надою та вихід молочного жиру висота (r=0,382 та 0,331), глибина тулуба (r=0,481 та 0,437), кутастість (r=0,522 та 0,524), ширина заду (r=0,477 та 0,454), переднє прикріплення вимені (r=0,564 та 0,488), прикріплення вимені ззаду (r=0,487 та 0,462), центральна зв’язка (r=0,466 та 0,428) та переміщення (r=0,322 та 0,318). Зв’язок ширини грудей (r=0,133) та нахилу заду (r=0,236) із надоєм та молочним жиром (r=0,155 і 0,212) був позитивним але трохи слабким. За тривалістю життя, господарського використання та лактування корови з фінальною оцінкою «Дуже добре» переважали групи корів з нижчою оцінкою «Добре з плюсом» та «Добре» з різницею, відповідно на 238 і 979, 171 і 932 та 141 і 936 днів (Р<0,05-0,001). За довічним надоєм та виходом молочного жиру група корів з оцінкою «Дуже добре» переважала групи з оцінками «Добре з плюсом» та «Добре» на 6039 і 30693 кг молока та 216,3 і 1161,8 кг молочного (Р<0,001). Існуюча висока додатна кореляція описових лінійних ознак з показниками молочної продуктивності корів та співвідносний зв’язок фінальної оцінки з ознаками довголіття засвідчує прогностичну цінність застосування лінійної класифікації для опосередкованого раннього добору корів з метою підвищення ефективності довічного використання.
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Опубліковано
2023-02-27
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Повод, М. Г., Самохіна, Є. А., & Хмельничий, С. Л. (2023). УСПАДКОВУВАНІСТЬ ЛІНІЙНИХ ОЗНАК ТИПУ КОРІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЧЕРВОНО-РЯБОЇ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ ТА ЇХНІЙ ЗВ’ЯЗОК З ОЗНАКАМИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ Й ДОВГОЛІТТЯ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Тваринництво, (4), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2022.4.4
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