ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIONS AND CREATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF JET-REACTIVE EXPANSION MACHINES
Abstract
The energy sector of Ukraine is a fundamental sector for the development of the state's economy and its preservation of sovereignty. A significant problem today is the rational use of the Earth's energy resources. Ukraine is trying to solve this issue, which is the subject of the implemented program "Security, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness (Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035)". The subject of study in the article is jet-reactive expansion machines. Purpose: to consider the principle of operation and design features of existing jet-reactive centrifugal expansion machines. Objectives: based on the analysis of existing jet-reactive centrifugal expansion machines, to identify design features and parameters that affect the operation of these machines. The energy industry is experiencing serious upheaval. In Germany, for example, large nuclear and coal-fired power plants on a gigawatt scale are scheduled to close in the coming years. Multi-stage axial flow turbines have dominated the last hundred years in power plants of several hundred MW class, and this architecture is certainly not a suitable solution for utilising overpressure steam or gas energy, which can be used to produce power of 1 MW or even below 100 kW. The steam turbines that have been used until now are no longer suitable for these applications. Electricity must be generated in many small installations in a decentralised, renewable and environmentally friendly manner. For this reason, the authors investigate well-known turbine designs that have hardly been used due to their low efficiency and future electric drives. However, these unusual turbine designs may be suitable for small and micro-scale distributed power plants and mini-CHPs using both classical thermodynamic cycles and cycles for utilising solar, geothermal, biomass heat, combustion products or potential pressure energy lost during reduction, because in these conditions classical turbines (axial and centripetal) also have low efficiency at a more complex design and cost. The expediency of using jet-jet centrifugal expansion machines with a seal in the axial gap is substantiated. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: a classification of jet-jet centrifugal expansion machines has been created.
References
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