COMPUTER MODELLING OF MULTI-PULSE LASER IMPACT ENSURING THE PRESERVATION OF THE ORIGINAL MICROSTRUCTURE
Abstract
This paper analyses the capabilities of multi-pulse femtosecond laser processing of structured surfaces while preserving their microstructure. The effect of laser irradiation on a pre-formed micro-relief of AISI 321 stainless steel containing LIPSS (Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structure) is examined. It is shown that uncontrolled deformations of the microrelief can be caused by intense material destruction, re-deposition of particles, or uncontrolled melting. Emphasis is placed on maintaining the temperature below the melting point to prevent damage to the microstructure beyond the target. Key parameters of laser radiation influencing the dynamics of surface changes are identified. A computer simulation method based on a two-temperature heat model is proposed to predict temperature distribution and ablation mechanisms. The specifics of thermal impact on the material during multi-pulse laser processing are analyzed, including the calculation of electron energy states and their influence on the material's atomic lattice. It is demonstrated that the developed model enables the determination of threshold values for pulse energy, at which the required accuracy in forming indentations without unwanted defects is achieved. It is confirmed that using a femtosecond laser with a high pulse repetition rate ensures an even distribution of thermal energy, minimizing the risk of overheating and microstructure damage. Attention is drawn to the possibility of controlling processing parameters through pulse frequency, power, and duration variations, which allows for high-precision microstructuring. The simulation allows for optimizing laser impact parameters, reducing energy consumption, and improving process efficiency. It is shown that defining critical threshold levels of laser pulse power helps prevent microstructure destruction and ensures stable formation of the desired micro-relief. The results can be applied to enhance laser processing techniques for various materials, including metals with low thermal conductivity. Future research prospects are associated with expanding the capabilities of computer modeling to predict the impact of laser radiation on a wide range of materials. The proposed approach supports higher accuracy and controllability in laser microstructuring processes, which is important for industrial applications in the aerospace and mechanical engineering sectors.
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