DEVELOPMENT OF HARDWARE TO REDUCE INJURY AND LOSSES OF SOYBEAN IN THE PROCESSES OF ITS PRIMARY PROCESSING
Abstract
The article presents the results of production research on a gravity-cascade device for loading silo-type granaries. Soybean seeds belong to leguminous crops, therefore, during post-harvest processing, special attention is paid to reducing their injury. Hot air causes the seed coat to dry out and the cotyledons to crack, and further processing or transportation only increases the cracking. Designed for certain physical and mechanical properties of the raw material being loaded, therefore the issue of finding a device that will reduce injury to the loading material is currently relevant. The degree of seed injury has been determined using a special device to reduce the speed of movement of the grain mass. Soybean seeds were loaded into the storage immediately after drying from 22–24 % to 12–13 %. Soybean from the granaries were taken by a point sampler from the embankment in the center of the silo and from twelve plots with an area of 1 m2, located at a distance of 3, 6 and 9 m from the center of the silo along two perpendicular diameters. The most injured seeds are those lost in the upper part of the device, therefore the largest mass fraction of additional oil admixture near the walls of the storage is 17.8%. The mass fraction of the content lost through of the device is 6%. Additional oil and garbage impurities formed during the loading of soybean seeds into the storage are only 0.31 %. In most cases, during the unloading of the storage, a rupture occurred at the place of attachment of the conveyor belts to the loading funnel. The costs of restoration are insignificant are fully covered by the savings from reducing soybean seed injury. A major disadvantage of this mechanism is that there is a possibility of blocking the unloading openings of the silo-type storage. Proposed to close most of the side surface with a conveyor belt and cover mechanism, which will reduce the load on the device during emptying the storage and reduce the mass of grain that falls out of the device during its operation. In the design of the device, it is advisable to avoid flat surfaces that could block the unloading openings in the floor of the granary.
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