THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING SPRAY DRYING MACHINES
Abstract
Today, drying is one of the most common ways to preserve milk, which removes free moisture and inhibits the growth of microorganisms. The most efficient method of drying milk in terms of energy consumption and finished product yield is spray drying. The relevance of this study is that milk powder is in great demand among consumers. The purpose of this paper is to systematize and summarize the current ideas of scientists about the methods of drying raw milk, analyze the available equipment for their implementation, and find ways to improve machines for spray drying milk. The article provides a classification of methods of spraying raw materials; their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. Based on scientific literature, it has been established that the most effective are hydraulic and mechanical sprayers. In particular, the hydraulic spraying method is the most energy-efficient, but it has insufficient spraying efficiency for liquids with high viscosity and rapid wear of nozzles. Pneumatic spraying is based on the use of energy that is transferred to it through dynamic interaction with the gas flow. Centrifugal disk atomizers can effectively disperse solutions with high viscosity, including coarse suspensions and paste-like materials. In this work, it was found that the design of centrifugal disk sprayers does not have small holes, so they are not prone to clogging, which ensures reliable operation and uniform spraying. The study showed that the duration of drying of dairy raw materials during spray drying varies from 5 to 30 s, and hot air with a temperature of 140-180 °C is used as a heat carrier. It has been established that a promising direction for improving the drying process is to increase the level of monodispersion of particles during spraying and to increase the temperature of the coolant. In practice, the use of a high-temperature regime can significantly increase the productivity of drying plants. Increasing the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the drying chamber from 200 °C to 250 °C increased the productivity of a two-stage plant by 25%, while reducing heat consumption by 20%. However, this approach leads to an increase in the temperature of the exhaust coolant, which negatively affects the quality of the final product. Therefore, the issue of improving spray drying machines requires further research.
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