ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT OF THE ALGORITHMIC FORMATION OF COMBINE COLLECTION OF GRAIN

Abstract

The article formulates methodical approaches of engineering management regarding the algorithmic formation of combine harvesting of grain. In order to calculate the structure of the harvester fleet of specific farms, rather than the entire region, we proposed the following methodological provisions: the overall efficiency of the harvester fleet was evaluated in general for the harvesting season, and not because it was previously accepted to evaluate the work of one harvester, and its assessment was generalized for the entire fleet of harvesters. For large-scale grain production with a high rate of harvesting, this is unacceptable, since harvesters of different classes, with different annual loadings, can participate in harvesting, and generalizing the work of one harvester to the entire fleet gives a false result; did not take into account the general dynamics of grain losses from selfshedding, but specifically for each type of grain, taking into account the dynamics of grain yield on the remaining area after each day of harvesting; the gross harvest of grain in the farm was assessed not according to the average yield at the end of harvesting, but as a set of private gross harvests of grain for each calendar day of harvesting during the entire harvesting period, which depends on the pace of harvesting and daily losses of grain; a new concept was introduced – the efficiency factor of the combine park, and of two types. The authors developed a model of the formation of the total gross collection of grain in an analytical form, the following assumptions and limitations were adopted: the productivity of the harvester was determined taking into account the coefficient of utilization of the operating time of the harvester during the day, that is, taking into account downtime for technological, organizational and technical reasons, which corresponds to the real situation; the dynamics of grain yield reduction due to self-shedding is adopted for each culture and variety individually according to the data of experimental studies; the residual yield is determined after each day of harvester operation on the residual harvesting area; the rate of self-shedding of grain on the first and last day of harvesting (rate of losses) is taken based on the ratio of the working time of the harvesters on this day and the duration of work during the day; mechanical losses of grain by combine harvesters are accepted as normative, i.e. no more than 2% of threshed grain or according to control threshing; the hours of operation of harvesters during the day during the entire period of harvesting are assumed to be the same (a possible exception is for the last day of harvesting). The obtained results, as a perspective for further research, can be used by agricultural farms when equipping the combine machine park with both domestic and imported models of grain harvesters.