DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION OF BACTERIAL POULTRY DISEASES USING ALTERNATIVE METHODS
Abstract
The issue of providing the population with ecologically safe poultry products, without the presence of residual amounts of antibacterial drugs in them, which can lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in consumers, is relevant today. The development of a complex of measures on poultry farms without the use of antibacterial drugs is a promising direction of development in terms of the concept of "One Health". The purpose of the study was to argue the principles of prevention of bacterial diseases of poultry using alternative means. Experimental research was conducted during 2021-22 at the Department of Virology, Pathanatomy and Poultry Diseases, as well as at the Department of Veterinary Expertise, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Livestock Products of the Sumy National Agrarian University and in poultry farms of the Sumy Region. When conducting epizootological studies in poultry farms, two syndromes were found, namely respiratory and intestinal, accompanying the course of diseases in poultry. Microflora isolated from poultry during the course of infectious diseases of poultry with respiratory syndrome was presented: E. coli; K. pneumoniae; P. multocida; A. fumigatus; M. gallisepticum; P. vulgaris; S. aureus, Cl. perfringens; P. aeruginosa; P. mirabilis; S. enteritidis. The following cultures were isolated for intestinal syndrome: S. enteritidis; E. coli; C. jejuni; S. pullorum-gallinarum; E. agglomerans; S. faecalis; C. fetus; S. aureus; Y. enterocolitica; P. aeruginosa; P. mirabilis; P. vulgaris. Pathogens C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, P. mirabilis, S. aureus were isolated in respiratory and intestinal syndrome. In order to prevent bacterial diseases of poultry, it is necessary to control them according to a scheme that includes: regular diagnostic monitoring (serological and microbiological studies); bacterial control of breeding and rearing of poultry; control of the production cycle, immunoprophylaxis, use of probiotic therapy, disinfection, regular deratization, timely specific prevention. Important attention should be paid to the retrospective analysis of the isolated microflora with the mandatory determination of the sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms to antibacterial drugs. For the stable operation of poultry farming, it is important to develop and implement critical control points of threat analysis (HACCP) at all stages of production of poultry products. The first critical point is the control of microbiological indicators of feed; the second point is responsible for control at technological facilities; the third point is responsible for control at the output stage.
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