METABOLIC PROCESSES IN THE RUMEN OF CALVES WHEN FED VEGETABLE FEED
Abstract
Early inclusion of roughage in the diet of calves, especially from the period of dominance of growth and development of digestive organs to the end of the stabilization period, has a positive effect on the formation of cicatricial digestion. The given data were obtained as a result of research on the processes of ruminal digestion in calves that received different levels of dairy and roughage from the period of dominance to the end of the period of stabilization of growth and development of the digestive organs. It was established that cellulolytic microorganisms in the rumen of calves of the control group increased by 3.61 times (p<0.001) during the experiment, and by 5.22-5.20 times (p<0.001) in calves of the II and III groups. At the end of the stabilization period, their number in the rumen of the calves of the experimental groups was 1.24-1.30 times greater than that of the calves of the control group (p<0.05). Anaerobes in the rumen capacity of experimental calves were 1.25-1.69 times more than this indicator of calves of the control group (p<0.05). The activity of cellulolytic microorganisms in the rumen contents of calves of all groups increased over the entire period of the experiment. In calves of the control group , the cellulolytic activity of microorganisms at the end of the stabilization period was 1.26-1.08 times less than this indicator in the calves of the experimental groups (p<0.05). The activity of cellobiohydrolase in the rumen of calves of the experimental groups at the end of the 5th month of life was 1.50-1.63 times higher than that of the calves of the control group (p<0.01). High activity of vital activity of rumen microorganisms is indicated by the content of LFA. Their content in the rumen of calves of the first group is 1.32-1.47 times (p<0.01), less than in the calves of the experimental groups. The intensification of the processes of scar digestion had a positive effect on the metabolic processes in the body of calves. The content of urea, a metabolite of protein metabolism, in the blood of the calves of the experimental groups was 1.16-1.31 times (p<0.05) less than that of the calves of the control group. The content of creatinine and glucose was less in the blood of the calves of the experimental groups by 1.43-1.60 times (p<0.01) and 1.12-1.24 times (p<0.05), respectively. Phospholipids were detected in the blood of the calves of the experimental groups 3.36-3.39 times more (p<0.001). Therefore, metabolic processes in the rumen of calves when fed vegetable feed are more active, allowing to reduce the use of dairy feed.
References
2. Holtshausen, L., Cruywagen, C. (2017) The effect of dietary rumen degradable protein content on veal calf performance. South African Journal of Animal Sclence, vol. 30. № 3. P. 204–211.
3. Kambur, M.D., Zamazii, A.A. (2020). Vykorystannia zaminnykiv tsilnoho moloka v korektsii protsesiv rubtsevoho travlennia u teliat. [The use of whole milk substitutes in the correction of cicatricial digestion processes in calves]. Naukovi horyzonty. Scientific Horisonts.- №08 (93)-S. 158-163.-doi: 10.33249/2663-2144-93-8 ( in Ukrainian).
4. Kambur, M. D., Zamazii, A.A., Kolechko, A.V. (2017). Dynamika vmistu amiaku v rubtsi teliat. [Dynamics of ammonia content in the rumen of calves]. Poltava, Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii. – № 3. – S. 59-62 ( in Ukrainian).
5. Kambur, M.D. ( 2017) Formuvannia rubtsevoho travlennia u teliat. [Formation of cicatricial digestion in calves]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Veterynarna medytsyna. Vyp. 1. – S. 17-22 ( in Ukrainian).
6. Khampa, S., Wanapat, M., Wachirapakorn, C., Nontaso, N. & Wattiaux, M. (2006). Effects ofurealevelandsodium DL-malate in concentrate containing high cassava chip on ruminal fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows raised under tropical condition. AsianAustral J Anim Sci., 19, 837–844. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2006.837.
7. Kolechko, A.V. ( 2017). The dynamics of the composition of the simplest microorganisms in the rumen of calves. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia : Veterynarna medytsyna. Vyp. 11. – S. 36- 40 ( in Ukrainian).
8. Kolechko, A.V. (2016). Osoblyvosti travlennia u zhuinykh. Ohliadova stattia. [Peculiarities of digestion in ruminants. Review article]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Veterynarna medytsyna. – Vyp. 11. – S. 36-40 ( in Ukrainian).
9. Kolechko, A.V. (2019). Korektsiia rubtsevoho travlennia u teliat. [Correction of cicatricial digestion in calves]. Naukovi horyzonty. Naukovyi zhurnal. – Vyp.6 (79). – S.65 ( in Ukrainian).
10. Lesmeister, K. E., Heinrichs, A. J. (2004). Effects of corn processing on growth characteristics, rumen development, and rumen parameters in neonatal dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci.- Vol. 87. P. 3439–3450.
11. Palmquist, D. L. & Jenkins, T. C. A. (2017). 100- Year Review: Fat feed in gof dairy cows. J Dairy Sci., 100 (12), 10061–10077. doi:10.3168/jds.2017- 12924.
12. Tkach, I. M. (2008). Vplyv spivvidnoshennia strukturnykh i nestrukturnykh vuhlevodiv v ratsioni koriv na pokaznyky azotnoho obminu i utvorennia LZhK u rubtsi. [The effect of the ratio of structural and non-structural carbohydrates in the diet of cows on indicators of nitrogen metabolism and the formation of LFA in the rumen ]. NTB Instytutu biolohii tvaryn i DNDKI vetpreparativ ta kormovykh dobavok. Vyp. 9, № 1,2.- S. 133–137 ( in Ukrainian).
13. Vudmaska, I.V. (2007). Vplyv spivvidnoshennia nestrukturnykh vuhlevodiv na obmin letkykh zhyrnykh kyslot i azotnykh spoluk u vmisti rubtsia koriv v umovakh in vitro. [The effect of the ratio of non-structural carbohydrates on the exchange of volatile fatty acids and nitrogenous compounds in the rumen content of cows in conditions in vitro]. Ahrarnyi visnyk Prychornomoria. Vyp. 38. -S. 34-41 ( in Ukrainian).
14. Vudmaska, I.V. (2007). Vplyv pidvyshchenoho rivnia nestrukturnykh vuhlevodiv u ratsioni koriv na pokaznyky vuhlevodno-bilkovoho obminu u vmisti rubtsia. [The effect of an increased level of non-structural carbohydrates in the diet of cows on indicators of carbohydrate-protein metabolism in the content of the rumen]. Ahrarni visti. -2. – S. 27– 29 ( in Ukrainian).
15. Wanapat, M. & Rowlinson, P. (2007). Nutrition and feeding of swamp buffalo: feed resources and rumen approach. Italian ,J Anim Sci., 6 (Suppl. 1), 67– 73. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2007. s 2.67.
16. Wanapat, M., Foiklang, S., Rowlinson, P. & Pilajun, R. (2012). Effect of carbohydrate sources and cotton seed meal in the concentrate: II. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44 (35–42). doi: 10.1007/s11250-011- 0014-z.
17. Wilkinson, J. M. (2011). Re-defining efficiency of feed use by livestock. Animal, 5, 1014–1022. doi: 10.1017/S175173111100005X.
18. Wora-Anu, S., Wanapat, M., Wachirapakorn, C. & Nontaso, N. (2007). Effect of roug hage sources on cellulolytic bacteria and rumen ecology of beef cattle. Asian-Austral J Anim Sci. 20, 1705–1712. doi : 10.5713/ajas.2007.1705.
ISSN 
ISSN 
