ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHAGOCYTOSIS OF DOMESTIC DUCK ERYTHROCYTES
Abstract
It is known that in the lumen of blood vessels there is a large number of blood-forming elements, namely erythrocytes, which make up approximately 95% of the total number of blood cells. Erythrocytes are red blood cells or known as red blood cells. They are motile, differentiated blood cells in most vertebrates and some invertebrates. It is known that erythrocytes lose their cytoplasmic organelles and nucleus in the process of development. As a result, they adapted to perform actually only one function, actually respiratory. It is performed due to the presence in them of a breathing pigment called hemoglobin. That is, it is known that erythrocytes are anucleated red blood cells whose function is to transport oxygen. Although we already know that the main function of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen to vital organs, recent studies have shown that mammalian erythrocytes also participate in the immune response to bacterial infections in animals. However, the immune mechanisms used by bird erythrocytes are still not fully understood. Therefore, we demonstrated that erythrocytes of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) have the ability to phagocytosis and also exhibit antibacterial activity. Phagocytosis (from the Greek means "devourer") performs the function of active capture and absorption of such objects as cell fragments, bacteria and other solid particles by unicellular organisms. First, the phagocytic and adhesive activity of bird erythrocytes was determined using a scanning electron raster microscope. Adhesion, as we know, comes from Latin - adhesion or adhesion of various liquid or solid forms. With the help of low results, it was proved that duck erythrocytes had a wide range of phagocytic and adhesive activity when contaminated with various bacteria. The statistical data were then further investigated and established that duck erythrocytes contain the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in response to bacterial stimulation. And as a result, it was also found that the bird's erythrocytes had a fairly powerful antibacterial activity against all three bacteria, while the stimulation of the two types of bacteria significantly increased the expression of inflammatory factors and increased the production of antioxidant enzymes to protect cells from oxidative damage.
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