MONITORING OF THE EPISOTOTIC SITUATION REGARDING CAUSES OF ECTOPARASITISES OF DOGS AND CATS IN SUMY
Abstract
Today, dogs and cats are at the top of the list of domestic animals, with corresponding consequences for their health and welfare and, at the same time, for zoonotic risks to owners and the general population. The article presents the results of the assessment of the epizootic situation regarding ectoparasitises of dogs and cats in the central area of the city of Sumy and the surrounding areas. A statistical analysis of data on ectoparasitises for the period 2019-2022 was carried out. The research was conducted on the basis of the Department of Virology, Pathanatomy and Poultry Diseases of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Sumy National Agrarian University and the "Vetservice" veterinary clinic. Statistical and clinical research methods were used in their research. We studied the epizootic situation regarding ectoparasites of dogs and cats based on the logs of animal admissions in the clinic and conducted clinical examinations of dogs and cats whose owners complained of itching in their pets. Diagnoses of otodectosis, demodecosis, notohedrosis, siphonapterosis in dogs and cats were established. It was established that for the central district of Sumy and the surrounding areas, siphonapterosis is the most widespread among ectoparasitic diseases of dogs and cats, which for 2019–2022 showed a tendency to increase by 35.5% over the specified period. Age, seasonal, breed, and gender characteristics of the course of siphonapterosis in dogs and cats for 2019–2022 were determined. Cats aged 4–10 years (36.8%) and 1–4 years old (30.8%), as well as dogs aged 4–10 years (36.4%) and aged 1–4 years old (32.0%). Most often, the course of siphonapterosis was observed in the warm period of the year with the peak of the disease in July, which indicates the importance of heat and moisture for the development of pathogens that can quickly spread among domestic animals. Most of the cases (89%) were purebred cats. Fleas were most often found in purebred dogs (18%), followed by German shepherds (13%), Labradors (10%), Staffordshire terriers (7%), Toy terriers (5%), spaniels (4%). In dogs and cats, the same trend was noted – males of both species of animals were more often sick with siphonapterosis than females. Male dogs were sick 15.4% more often than bitches, and cats were sick 18.8% more often than cats.
References
2. Beck, S., Schein, E., Baldermann, C., von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., & Kohn, B. (2013). Zeckeninfestation und Zeckenprophylaxe bei Hunden im Raum Berlin/Brandenburg--Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie [Tick infestation and tick prophylaxis in dogs in the area of Berlin/Brandenburg--results of a questionnaire study]. Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 126(1-2), 69–76.
3. Beck, W., Boch, K., Mackensen, H., Wiegand, B., & Pfister, K. (2006). Qualitative and quantitative observations on the flea population dynamics of dogs and cats in several areas of Germany. Veterinary parasitology, 137(1-2), 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.12.021
4. Beugnet, F., & Franc, M. (2010). Results of a European multicentric field efficacy study of fipronil-(S) methoprene combination on flea infestation of dogs and cats during 2009 summer. Parasite (Paris, France), 17(4), 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2010174337
5. Beugnet, F., & Franc, M. (2012). Insecticide and acaricide molecules and/or combinations to prevent pet infestation by ectoparasites. Trends in parasitology, 28(7), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2012.04.004
6. Bitam, I., Dittmar, K., Parola, P., Whiting, M. F., & Raoult, D. (2010). Fleas and flea-borne diseases. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 14(8), e667–e676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.011
7. Bond, R., Riddle, A., Mottram, L., Beugnet, F., & Stevenson, R. (2007). Survey of flea infestation in dogs and cats in the United Kingdom during 2005. The Veterinary record, 160(15), 503–506. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.15.503
8. Burton, G., Shipstone, M., & Burrows, M. (2003). Veterinary guidelines for the control of fleas in dogs and cats in Australia. AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY PRACTITIONER, 33(3), 117-124.
9. Calvete, C., Lucientes, J., Castillo, J. A., Estrada, R., Gracia, M. J., Peribáñez, M. A., & Ferrer, M. (1998). Gastrointestinal helminth parasites in stray cats from the mid-Ebro Valley, Spain. Veterinary parasitology, 75(2-3), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00182-9
10. Chomel, B. B. (2014). Emerging and re-emerging zoonoses of dogs and cats. Animals, 4(3), 434-445.
11. Control of Ectoparasites in Dogs and Cats. ESCCAP Guidelines 03. 5th. 2016. Malvern, Worcestershire, USA: ESCCAP, Malvern, UK; 2016.
12. Dryden M. W. (2009). Flea and tick control in the 21st century: challenges and opportunities. Veterinary dermatology, 20(5-6), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00838.x
13. European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites. ESCCAP guideline 3: control of ectoparasites in dogs and cats. 6th ed. 2018. https://www.esccap.org/uploads/docs/mjy50wev_0720_ESCCAP_Guideline_GL3_v9_1p.pdf.
14. Farkas, R., Gyurkovszky, M., Solymosi, N., & Beugnet, F. (2009). Prevalence of flea infestation in dogs and cats in Hungary combined with a survey of owner awareness. Medical and veterinary entomology, 23(3), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00798.x
15. Franc, M., Bouhsira, É., & Beugnet, F. (2013). Direct transmission of the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) between cats exhibiting social behaviour. Parasite (Paris, France), 20, 49. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2013050
16. Gálvez, R., Musella, V., Descalzo, M. A., Montoya, A., Checa, R., Marino, V., ... & Miró, G. (2017). Modelling the current distribution and predicted spread of the flea species Ctenocephalides felis infesting outdoor dogs in Spain. Parasites & vectors, 10(1), 1-8.
17. Guaguère, E., & Beugnet, F. (2008). Parasitic skin conditions. A Practical Guide to Canine Dermatology. Editions Kalianxis, Paris, 179-228.
18. Halos, L., Beugnet, F., Cardoso, L., Farkas, R., Franc, M., Guillot, J., Pfister, K., & Wall, R. (2014). Flea control failure? Myths and realities. Trends in parasitology, 30(5), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2014.02.007
19. Halos, L., Fourie, J., Bester, I., Pollmeier, M., & Beugnet, F. (2014). Long-term Efficacy Against Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis, Bouché 1835) of Monthly Topical Treatments with Fipronil Based Spot on Formulations Compared to a Flumethrin/Imidacloprid Impregnated Collar on Dogs Subjected to Regular Water Exposure. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 12(2).
20. Just, F. T., Gilles, J., Pradel, I., Pfalzer, S., Lengauer, H., Hellmann, K., & Pfister, K. (2008). Molecular evidence for Bartonella spp. in cat and dog fleas from Germany and France. Zoonoses and public health, 55(8-10), 514–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01131.x
21. Krämer, F., & Mencke, N. (2012). Flea biology and control: the biology of the cat flea control and prevention with imidacloprid in small animals. Springer Science & Business Media.
22. Kunkle, G. A., Jones, L. J., & Petty. (2000). Immediate intradermal flea antigen reactivity in clinically normal adult dogs from south Florida, USA. Veterinary dermatology, 11(1), 9-12.
23. Matchock, R. L. (2015). Pet ownership and physical health. Current opinion in psychiatry, 28(5), 386-392.
24. Pawelczyk, O., Asman, M., & Solarz, K. (2019). The molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in cat and dog fleas collected from companion animals. Folia parasitologica, 66, 2019.020. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2019.020 Pawelczyk, O., Asman, M., & Solarz, K. (2019). The molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in cat and dog fleas collected from companion animals. Folia parasitologica, 66, 2019.020. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2019.020
25. Pawelczyk, O., Pajak, C., & Solarz, K. (2016). The risk of exposure to parasitic mites and insects occurring on pets in Southern Poland. Annals of Parasitology, 62(4).
26. Robertson, I. D., & Thompson, R. C. (2002). Enteric parasitic zoonoses of domesticated dogs and cats. Microbes and infection, 4(8), 867–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01607-6
27. Rust M. K. (1994). Interhost movement of adult cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). Journal of medical entomology, 31(3), 486–489. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.3.486
28. Rust M. K. (2017). The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review. Insects, 8(4), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8040118
29. Rust, M. K., & Dryden, M. W. (1997). The biology, ecology, and management of the cat flea. Annual review of entomology, 42, 451–473. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.451
30. Thepparit, C., Hirunkanokpun, S., Popov, V. L., Foil, L. D., & Macaluso, K. R. (2013). Dissemination of bloodmeal acquired Rickettsia felis in cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis. Parasites & vectors, 6(1), 1-7.
31. Traub, R., & Kim, K. C. (1985). Coevolution of parasitic arthropods and mammals.
ISSN 
ISSN 
