ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНІТАРНА ОЦІНКА МʼЯСА ПТИЦІ ЗА ПОКАЗНИКАМИ ЯКОСТІ ТА БЕЗПЕЧНОСТІ
Анотація
Збільшення обсягів виробництва та постачання м’яса птиці в Україну обумовлює актуальність питання його ветеринарно-санітарної оцінки за показниками якості і безпечності. Використано і проаналізовано публікації учених у світлі сучасних досліджень та результати власних досліджень. М’ясо птиці – високопоживний продукт. Встановлено, що поряд з курятиною та індичатиною важливим для споживача є м’ясо водоплавної птиці, яке містить у великій кількості вітаміни, мінеральні речовини, незамінні амінокислоти та ненасичені жирні кислоти. Проведена нами комплексна ветеринарно-санітарна оцінка м’яса качок і гусей, каченят і гусенят 1 і 2 категорії промислового виробництва у різні пори року показала, що м´ясо водоплавної птиці – унікальний продукт для споживача. Біологічна цінність м’яса гусей вища, ніж качок. Так, відносна біологічна цінність м’яса качок 1 категорії вгодованості становила 70,98±0,2%, другої категорії – 74,11±0,2%, м’яса гусей – відповідно 76,22% та 82,14%. За результатами визначення біологічної цінності на щурятах-відлученцях популяції Wistar коефіцієнт ефективності протеїну м’яса качок становив 3,18±0,3, а м’яса каченят – 2,59±0,6. Проте, за порушення санітарних вимог, продукти забою птиці можуть становити небезпеку. Найбільш часто виявляють БГКП, сальмонели, золотистий стафілокок. Актуальною проблемою є виявлення збудників харчових зоонозів на етапах виробництва, переробки, зберігання, реалізації м´яса птиці та удосконалення існуючих методів контролю, а саме: Campylobacter, E.coli, Enterobacteriacae, Listeria, Salmonella, Enterococcus. Велику небезпеку становлять кампілобактерії, рівень поширеності яких серед забійної птиці в більшості країн-членів ЄС є дуже високий. Особливо важливим є недопущення контамінації тушок птиці під час технологічних процесів забою, нутрування, переробки (особливо охолодження). Великим джерелом небезпеки є використання при вирощуванні птиці антибіотиків не лише для лікування, але й для стимуляції росту, які у залишкових кількостях можуть надходити по харчовому ланцюгу. Для подолання потенційних небезпек пропонується вирощування птиці за органічного виробництва з використанням дієвої системи НАССР та запровадження єдиних міжнародних стандартів.
Посилання
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