INVOLVEMENT OF CELL WALL COMPONENTS IN PLANT PROTECTION REACTIONS AGAINST PATHOGENS
Keywords:
cell wall, pathogen, plant immunity, cuticle, cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, lignin, callose, suberin, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes
Abstract
The review considers the involvement of cell wall components and its strengthening through cross-linking of proteins or deposition of metabolites (lignin, suberin, kalose), accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds, and protective PR proteins at the point of infection in the mechanisms of immunity to pathogens. The components of the cell wall are analyzed as the first obstacle that pathogens must overcome to colonize plant tissues. The involvement of the cuticle as a component of the cell wall in the barrier against phytopathogens and pests is characterized, and how most fungal pathogens can penetrate cutin and wax. The structure and role of cellulose microfibrils, pectin, hemicellulose, structural proteins, lignin, callose, and suberin of the cell wall in the mechanisms of immunity to pathogens are presented. The role of cell wall strengthening as a protective response of plants to pathogen infection is considered. It is outlined that during infection with a pathogen and its recognition by a plant on the basis of an immune response, the cell wall can be strengthened through cross-linking of proteins or deposition of metabolites (lignin, suberin, kalose), accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds, protective proteins PR at the point of infection. Successful protection at the cell wall level can stop the invasion of pathogens at an early stage of infection. Research results on various enzymes produced by pathogens to degrade the cell wall to facilitate plant infection and bypass the multi-level of protection method are summarized. Due to the possibility of pathogen infection of only dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous plants, the different composition of the cell wall structure of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and different enzymes for degradation of the polysaccharide material of the cell are separately outlined. It is considered how plants resist the invasion of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens by means of the apposition of “papillae”, which is a thickening of the cell wall that occurs early in the place of penetration of pathogenic organisms. It is shown how various pathogenic fungi (necrotrophs, biotrophs and hemibiotrophs), bacteria, viruses and nematodes bypass the protective mechanisms of cell wall components that are widely involved in plant immune responses to pathogens.
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Published
2025-03-21
How to Cite
Khablak, S. H., Spychak, V. M., & AbdullaievaY. А. (2025). INVOLVEMENT OF CELL WALL COMPONENTS IN PLANT PROTECTION REACTIONS AGAINST PATHOGENS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 58(4), 130-145. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.4.18
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