ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ КОМПОНЕНТІВ КЛІТИННОЇ СТІНКИ У ЗАХИСНИХ РЕАКЦІЯХ РОСЛИН ПРОТИ ПАТОГЕННИХ ОРГАНІЗМІВ
Ключові слова:
клітинна стінка, патоген, імунітет рослин, кутикула, целюлоза, пектин, геміцелюлоза, лігнін, калоза, суберин, гриби, бактерії, віруси, нематоди
Анотація
В огляді розглянуто залучення компонентів клітинної стінки та її укріплення через поперечне зшивання білків або осадження на ній метаболітів (лігнін, суберин, калоза), накопичення токсичних фенольних сполук, захисних білків PR у точці зараження у механізмах імунітету до патогенів. Проаналізовано компоненти клітинної стінки як першої перешкоди, яку повинні подолати патогени, для заселення тканин рослин. Охарактеризовано залучення кутикули як компонента клітинної стінки у бар’єрі проти фітопатогенів і шкідників та як більшість грибкових патогенів можуть проникати в кутин і віск. Наведена будова та роль мікрофібрил целюлози, пектину, геміцелюлози, структурних білків, лігніну, калози, суберину клітинної стінки у механізмах імунітету до патогенів. Розглянуто роль зміцнення клітинної стінки як захисної реакції рослин на зараження патогенами. Окреслено, що при зараженні патогеном і впізнаванні його рослиною на підставі імунної відповіді може відбуватися укріплення клітинної стінки через поперечне зшивання білків або осадження на ній метаболітів (лігнін, суберин, калоза), накопичення токсичних фенольних сполук, захисних білків PR у точці зараження. Успішний захист на рівні клітинної стінки може зупинити вторгнення патогенів на ранній стадії зараження. Узагальнені результати досліджень щодо різноманітних ферментів, які виробляють патогени для розкладання клітинної стінки, щоб полегшити зараження рослин і обійти багаторівневий спосіб захисту. Через можливість зараження патогенами лише дводольних або однодольних рослин окремо окреслений різний склад в будові клітинної стінки однодольних і дводольних рослин та різні ферменти для деградації полісахаридного матеріалу клітини. Розглянуто як рослини протистоять інвазії біотрофних і гемібіотрофних патогенів за допомогою апозиції «сосочків», що є потовщенням клітинної стінки, яке рано виникає в місці проникнення патогенних організмів. Наведено як різні патогенні гриби (некротрофи, біотрофи і гемібіотрофи), бактерії, віруси і нематоди обходять захисні механізми компонентів клітинної стінки, які широко беруть участь в імунних реакціях рослин на збудників хвороб.
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Опубліковано
2025-03-21
Як цитувати
Хаблак, С. Г., Спичак, В. М., & Абдуллаєва, Я. А. (2025). ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ КОМПОНЕНТІВ КЛІТИННОЇ СТІНКИ У ЗАХИСНИХ РЕАКЦІЯХ РОСЛИН ПРОТИ ПАТОГЕННИХ ОРГАНІЗМІВ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 58(4), 130-145. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.4.18
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