THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE MOTHER BUSHES OF GRAPES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND REDUCTION OF INFLUENCE LOAD
Abstract
At present, there are few industrial mother plantations of grafted grape varieties in Ukraine, due to which it is difficult
to obtain a sufficient number of quality cuttings and planting material, so it is important to develop agronomic measures
for intensive planting. The research was carried out on the table grape cv. Augustine, the bushes of which were differently
loaded with inflorescences (50, 75 and 100 % of the planted amount), and irrigated (the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture
was 70, 80 and 90 % of the lowest moisture capacity (LMC), control option – natural hydration). The harvest of berries,
grafted vines and grafted grape seedlings was recorded. The yield of berries from grape bushes under irrigation with 100 %
load of inflorescences exceeded the control indicators by 22.0‑28.4%. When the number of inflorescences per bush was
reduced to 50‑75 %, the average weight of the bunch increased to 452–593 g, and the sugar content and acidity of berry
juice reached optimal values in the variants with LMC 70 % HB 50 % and 75 % inflorescences. According to the moisture
content, carbohydrates and anatomical structure of grape shoots, irrigation options with a lower load of inflorescences were
distinguished, in particular the variant with 70 % LMC 50 % inflorescences. The amount of carbohydrates in the shoots of this
variant was equal to 19.2 % of dry weight. The diameter of the core of the shoots of this variant remained at the control
level. The largest number of grafted vines was obtained in the variants with watering (70 % LMC) and a load of 50 %
inflorescences, and single‑bud cuttings were most in the variants with watering 90 % LMC. The number of cuttings was
the largest in the variants of 80 % and 90 % LMC 50 % and 75 % of inflorescences. According to the indicators of survival of grape cuttings in the nursery and the yield of standard seedlings from the nursery, the best options were with a load
of bushes with inflorescences of 50 % and 70 % LMC. Thus, on the graft mother planting of table grapes on the south
of Ukraine it is recommended to maintain soil moisture at the level of 70 % LMC, and on bushes to leave only 50 %
of inflorescences from potentially laid.
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