ONTOGENETIC AND VITALITY STRUCTURE EVALUATION OF ASARUM EUROPEAUM L. IN GÖTTINGER WALD, LOW SAXONY, GERMANY
Abstract
In the article population investigations are presented, conducted for the first time in Goettingen forest (Göttinger Wald), Low Saxony, Germany during 2021–2022. Five plant populations of Asarum europaeum L., were investigated at 5 plots with different age tree species located in managed forest and in virgin forest: plots №1 and №2 – young beech managed forest, tree species are under the age 40 and 70 respectively; plots №3, №4 – virgin beech forest, №5 – managed old beech forest. We conducted the evaluation of ontogenetic and vitality structures of aforementioned coenopopulations. During the research we used such methods as method of geobotanical description, morphometry method, complex vitality analysis, complex of statistical data analysis. According to the morphometry results, the typical size characteristics of A. europaeum plants in each growing area were determined. It is shown that the main feature of the ontogenetic spectra of A. europaeum in areas differing in the frequency of anthropogenic influence is incompleteness. Summarizing ontogenetic indices shows that in all plots, except for plot №3, the values of the generativity indices exceed the renewability indices. The morphometry results established the highest indices of reproducibility on site No. 3. The share of virgin plants is the largest in the old forest plot №3 – 31.82%, young generative plants – in the old forest plot No. 4 and is 40%. To assess vitality working with factor analysis, we determined critical morphoparameters for each population separately. A high level of generativity is observed in coenopopulations in areas where forestry activity is present. 67% of the populations of representatives of A. europeaum belong to the intermediate class of vitality b. The population in the primeval forest has a high level of regeneration, and the relative shares of plants according to the vitality class were divided equally between the three classes and are 0.3333. In plot №1, the largest share of plants belongs to the c-class of vitality and is 0.5, while in plots №4 and №5 the intermediate class of vitality dominates with indicators of 0.6364 and 0.4545, respectively. Based on the research on the example of A. europaeum, it can be concluded that forestry operations significantly disturb the grass layer of forest ecosystems and reduce the quality of populations. According to the study results, the need for further study of populations was noted to obtain a full assessment of the consequences of forestry use in the Göttingen Forest.
References
2. Cao, S., Han, L., Li Y., Yao, S., Hou, S, Ma, S. S., Dai, W., Li J., Zhou, Z., Wang, Q. & Huang, F. (2020). Integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses provide hepatotoxicity mechanisms of asarum. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.2 (2020), 1359–1370. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8811
3. Depauw, L., Perring, M., Landuyt, D., Maes, S., Blondeel, H., De Lombaerde, E.,m Brūmelis, G., Brunet, J., Closset, D., Czerepko, J., Decocq, G., Ouden, J., Gawryś, R., Haerdtle, W., Hédl R., Heinken, T., Heinrichs, S., Jaroszewicz, B., Kopecký, M. & Verheyen, K. (2019). Light availability and land-use history drive biodiversity and functional changes in forest herb layer communities. Journal of Ecology, 108(4), July 2020, 1411–1425. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13339
4. Dierschke, H. & Becker, T. (2020). Jahre Dauerflächenuntersuchungen in einem Kalkbuchenwald -eine Zeitreihe. Tuexenia 40, 71–99. Göttingen. doi: 10.14471/2020.40.003
5. Dierschke, H., & Goedecke, F. (2021). Forty years of symphenological research in a submontane calcareous beech forest under the influence of climate change. Fl. Medit. 31 (Special Issue), 257–270.
6. Ellenberg, H. (1939). Über Zusammensetzung, Standort und Stoffproduktion bodenfeuchter Eichen- und Buchen- Mischwaldgesellschaften Nordwestdeutschlands. – Mitt. Florist.- soziol. Arbeitsgem. Niedersachsen 5: 1-135.
7. Grodzinskyi, A. (1992) Lekarsvennyje rasteniia. [Medical plants] Ukrainskaia encyclopedia, Kyiv (in Russian).
8. Hanze, L. & Changhong, W. (2022) The genus Asarum: A review on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 282, 114642, ISSN 0378-8741. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114642
9. Hochmalová, M., Purwestri, R., Yongfeng, J. & Jarský, V. (2022). Demand for forest ecosystem services: a comparison study in selected areas in the Czech Republic and China. European Journal of Forest Research 141(11). doi: 10.1007/ s10342-022-01478-0
10. Korchahin, A., Lavrenko, E. & Poniatovskaia, V. (1964) Polevaya geobotanica. [Field geobotany] Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
11. a) Kovalenko, I. M. (2016). The formation and structure of clones of forest herbs in ecosystem of north-eastern Ukraine. Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, (2), 61–76.
12. b) Kovalenko, I. M. (2016). Reproduction in plants of grass and subshrub layer as a factor of the forest ecosystem stabilization. Ecology and Noospherology, 27(1–2), 34–41.
13. Kovalenko, I., Klymenko, H. & Hozhenko, K. (2017). Population analysis of Asarum europaeum in the Northeast of Ukraine. Biosystems diversity, 25(3), 2017, doi: 10.15421/011732
14. Kriebitzsch, W.-U. (1992) Der CO2- und H2O-Gasaus-tausch von Pflanzen in der Krautschicht eines Kalkbuchenwaldes in Abhängigkeit von Standortsfaktoren. III.CO2-Bilanzen und Netto-Primärproduktion. Flora 187, 135–158 (in Germany).
15. Kumar, H., Pandey, B. W. & Anand, S.(2022). Analyzing the Impacts of forest Ecosystem Services on Livelihood Security and Sustainability: A Case Study of Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 7(2). doi: 10.1016/j.ijgeop.2019.05.003
16. Kumar, P. & Mina, U. (2018). Ecology and Еnvironment, А short course. Section 2. Pathfinder Publication, India.
17. Kyrylchuk, K.S., Piatkina, O.V. & Tebenko, Yu. M. (2022). Vplyv hospodarskykh navantazhen na reproduktsiiu populiatsii luchnykh vydiv bobovykh riznykh zhyttievykh form. [The impact of economic loads on the reproduction of medow species populations of legumes of different life forms] (in Ukrainian) Zhurnal Zlobina Yuliana Andriiovycha, 2022, 43.
18. Maseehullah, MD, Z., Mohammad, A., Munawwar Husain, M. & Munawwar Husain, K. «Ethno-pharmacology of Asaroon (Asarum europaeum L.) with special reference to Unani System of Medicine» Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 19(2), 2022, 181–192. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0021
19. Nelson, Taylor M. (2021) Influence on biodiversity on canopy process in a hardwood plantation forest ecosystem. Purdue University Graduate School. Thesis. doi: 10.25394/PGS.14502180
20. Prausová, R., Doležal, J., & Rejmánek, M. (2020). Nine decades of major compositional changes in a Central European beech forest protected area. Plant Ecology, 221(10), 1005–1016.
21. Roslan, M. S. & Nordin, S. (2022). Biodiversity Knowledge Retrieval Application Using Natural Language Processing Technique, 2022 Applied Informatics International Conference (AiIC), 143–147. doi: 10.1109/AiIC54368.2022.9914590
22. Schall, P., Heinrichs, S. & Ammer, C. (2020). Can multi-taxa diversity in European beech forest landscapes be increased by combining different management systems? J Appl Ecol. 2020; 57: 1363– 1375.
23. Schmidt, V. (1984) Matematicheskiie metody v botanike. [Math methods in botany] (in Russian) Izdatelstvo Leningradskogo universiteta, Leningrad.
24. Schöttker, O. & Wätzold, F. (2022). Demand for forest ecosystem services: a comparison study in selected areas in the Czech Republic and China. European Journal of Forest Research 141(11). doi: 10.1007/s10640-022-00684-z
25. Skliar, V. G., Kyrylchuk, K.S., Tikhonova, O.M., Bondarieva, L.M., Zhatova, H., Klymenko, A., Bashtovyi, M. G. & Zubtsova, I. V. (2020) Ontogenetic structure of populations of forest-forming species of the Left-Bank Polissya of Ukraine. Baltic Forestry 26, 1–7. doi: 10.46490/BF441
26. Veste, M. & Kriebitzsch, W.-U. (2019). Photosyntheseverhalten der Stechpalme (Ilex aquifolium L.) in milden Winter in Mitteleuropa: Ein ökophysiologischer Vorteil durch den Klimawandel? doi: 10.23765/afjz0002026
27. Zlobin, Yu. (1989) Prinzypy i metodu izucheniia cenoticheskich populacij rastenij. [Pryncyples and methods of plan cenopopulations investigation]. Izdatelstvo Kazanskogo universiteta, Kazan (in Russian).
28. Zlobin, Yu. (1989) Teoriia i practica ocenki vitalitetnogo sostava cenopopulacij rastenij. [Theory and practice of vitality composition evaluation of plants coenopopulations] (in Russian) Botanicheskij zhurnal, 74(6), 769–780.
29. Zlobin, Yu. (2012) Computernyie programmy dlia analiza populaciij rastenij [Computer programs for plant populations analysis] Visnyk SNAU: Agronomy and biology, 2(23) (in Russian).
30. Zlobin, Yu. A., Skliar, V. G. & Klymenko, G. O. (2022) Biologiia ta ekologiia fitopopuliatsii [Biology and ecology of phytopopulations] Sumy: Universytetska knyga, 512 (in Ukrainian).
31. Zlobin, Yu., Skliar, V., Kovalenko, I. & Kyrylchuk, K. (2008) Structura populaciij roslyn: osnovni poniattia, metody, informatyvnist. [Structure of plants populations: main terms, methods, informativity] (in Ukrainian) Visnyk SNAU: Agronomy and biology, 10–11(14–15), 156–165.
ISSN 
ISSN 
