CREATION OF DISEASE-RESISTANT POTATO BREEDING MATERIAL WITH A COMPLEX OF MAIN ECONOMIC AND VALUABLE CHARACTERS
Abstract
An analysis of the varieties and hybrids of the Institute of Potato Breeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the period 2012–2022 was carried out. These varieties and hybrids combine a complex of main economic and valuable traits with resistance to fungal, viral diseases and ring rot. The results of research with the manifestation of the main economic and valuable traits in the hybrid offspring are highlighted: productivity, starchiness, crude protein, suitability for processing in combination with resistance to fungal and viral diseases and ring rot. As a result of the use of varieties and hybrids of interspecies origin – carriers of sources of resistance, the Institute of Potato Growing created new varieties of potatoes of different maturity groups, in which resistance to fungal, viral diseases and ring rot is combined with high indicators of economic and valuable traits. The object of research – to create breeding material and new varieties of potatoes of different ripeness groups for table use, which combines resistance to diseases with a complex of economic and valuable traits. In our research, we used varieties of Ukrainian and foreign selection, as well as hybrids of interspecies origin, and applied: laboratory, field, tests of breeding material against an invasive background and methods of statistical data processing. As a result of targeted selection work, breeding material with high resistance to late blight, Alternaria, viral diseases, and eight hybrids was created, and seven hybrids were selected that combine a set of main economic and valuable traits with resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases. Hybrids that combine a set of basic economic and valuable traits with resistance to diseases are recommended for use in the selection process to create new varieties of potatoes with group resistance to diseases. Two varieties of potatoes were also created – Melania and Marfusha, which were submitted to the State Trial. In the process of work, seven hybrids were selected that combine a complex of economic and valuable traits with resistance to diseases, two of them in 2020, under the names of Melania and Marfusha, were submitted as new potato varieties to the State variety test. These varieties are characterized by a complex of economic and valuable features. The Melania variety is characterized by high marketability and high starch content. The Marfusha variety has good taste, attractive appearance, good drought tolerance and lodging ability.
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