STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOIL COVER IN PINE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE "CHERKASY FORESTRY ENTERPRISE" OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE "FORESTS OF UKRAINE"
Abstract
This article presents the results of research on the structure and physico-mechanical properties of the soil cover in pine forest plantations of the Dnipro Upland, which are characterized by significant prevalence and form productive forest ecosystems within the forest fund of the "Cherkasy Forestry Enterprise" of the State Enterprise "Forests of Ukraine". The species composition of phytocenoses of pine forest ecosystems, which are characterized by relatively significant biodiversity, has been determined. Common species in the herbaceous cover of pine plantations include: greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea L.), greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.), mountain hog’s fennel (Peucedanum oreoselinum L. Hofm.), common St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Moench.), viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare L.), great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum L.), red hemp-nettle (Galeopsis ladanum L.), European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L.), and lesser stitchwort (Stellaria graminea L.). The presence of undergrowth – Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), common oak (Quercus robur L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and common pear (Pyrus communis L.), as well as understory – spindle tree (Euonymus verrucosa Scop.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.), indicates the formation of a relatively complex spatial structure of pine forest ecosystems with a stand composition of 10 Ps (Pínus sylvéstris). The structure of the soil profile has been established, and the physico-mechanical properties of the genetic horizons of the soil cover of pine forest plantations have been determined. Under the canopy of pure pine stands, podzolic soils have formed with Ah+Eh+E+I+IIR+C soil profile. The genetic horizons (humus eluvial, eluvial, and illuvial) of podzolic soils in pine forest ecosystems of the "Cherkasy Forestry Enterprise" are characterized by high density and low porosity. The density of podzolic soil increases down the profile from 1.36 g/cm3 in the humus-eluvial horizon to 1.58 g/cm3 in the eluvial horizon and up to 1.62 g/cm3 in the illuvial genetic horizon. The porosity of the humus eluvial genetic horizon of the soil is 39.27% and decreases to 34.50% in the eluvial horizon, then increases to 40.75% in the illuvial genetic horizon of the soil profile. The application of organic fertilizers in the establishment of pine forest plantations and the formation of mixed forest ecosystems by introducing deciduous tree species into pine forest communities will contribute to improving the physico-mechanical properties and fertility of the soil cover and increasing the productivity of forest plantations in pine ecosystems within the forest fund of Cherkasy region.
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