IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY THROUGH THE CULTIVATION OF LEGUMINOUS CROPS
Abstract
The aim of the research was to restore soil fertility, enrich it with fresh organic matter and biological nitrogen through the cultivation of leguminous crops, particularly peas. In the current conditions of farming, when the economy of farms is vulnerable and weakened, this issue is relevant. The research identified the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment and plant nutrition optimization on improving the state of southern chernozem. The studies were conducted at the Experimental Field of the Educational-Scientific-Practical Center of MNAU during 2021-2023 using standard methodologies. Peas of the Madonna variety were grown on southern chernozem. The effectiveness of seed treatment before sowing, application of a starter dose of N15P15K15 fertilizers, and foliar feeding of plants were determined. It was found that conservation measures – pre-sowing seed treatment and nutrition optimization – positively affected the increase in grain productivity of peas. Maximum grain yield levels were achieved through a combination of seed treatment, fertilizer application, and foliar feeding. As a result of the research, it was revealed that these technology elements significantly increased the aboveground biomass of pea plants. The amount of biomass during the pre-harvest period significantly increased under the influence of resource-saving nutrition optimization compared to the control variant. Seed treatment alone led to a 10.4% increase in accumulated dry matter, while the combination of researched measures resulted in an even more significant growth – up to a maximum of 58.5% compared to the control. The most biomass was formed in variants where seed treatment, N15P15K15 application, and foliar feeding with Nanovit at a dose of 1 L/ha were combined. A close correlation dependence between grain yield levels and accumulated biomass remaining in the soil as fresh organic matter was determined. The total number of nodules throughout the period was significantly higher than active ones. This may be due to high temperature regimes and not always optimal soil moisture supply for their effective work. With symbiotically fixed nitrogen and its content in aboveground biomass, soil nitrogen can increase from 73.2 to 110.0 kg/ha. Its growth compared to the control variant ranged from 19.7 to 60.3%. This is an extremely important feature for free enrichment of soil with biological nitrogen, valuable fresh organic matter, and an overall positive impact on key fertility indicators.
References
2. Balyuk, S. A., Nosko, B. S., & Vorotintseva, L. I. (2018). Rehulyuvannya rodyuchosti gruntiv ta efektyvnosti dobryv v umovakh zmin klimatu [Regulation of soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency under climate change conditions]. Visnyk ahrarnoyi nauky, 4 (781), 5–12 (in Ukrainian).
3. Gamajunova, V. V., Kuvshinova, A. O., Kudrina, V. S., & Sydiakina, O. V. (2020). Influence of biologics on water consumption of winter barley and sunflower in conditions of Ukrainian Southern Steppe. Innovative Solutions In Modern Science. New York. TK Meganom LLC, 6 (42), 149–176.
4. Gamayunova, V. V., & Sydiakina, О. V. (2023). The problem of nitrogen in modern agriculture. Ukrainian Black Sea region agrarian science, 27(3), 46–61.
5. Hamayunova, V. V. (1983). Avtoreferat kand. dys. Efektyvnist spilnoho zastosuvannya solomy ta mineralʹnykh dobryv na vrozhay ta yakistʹ silʹsʹkohospodarsʹkykh kulʹtur v umovakh zroshennya pivdnya URSR [Efficiency of combined application of straw and mineral fertilizers on crop yield and quality of agricultural crops in the conditions of irrigation in the south of the Ukrainian SSR: Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation by V.V. Gamayunova] (in Ukrainian).
6. Hamayunova, V. V., & Yermolayev, V. M. (2024). Urozhaynist zerna horokhu zalezhno vid peredposivnoyi obrobky nasinnya ta optymizatsiyi zhyvlennya v umovakh Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrayiny [Pea grain yield depending on pre-sowing seed treatment and nutrition optimization in the conditions of the Sothern Steppe of Ukraine]. Ahrarni innovatsiyi, 23, 228–233 (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.32848/agrar.innov.2024.23.33
7. Hamayunova, V. V., Khonenko, L. H., Baklanova, T. V., Kudrina, V. S., & Moskva, I. S. (2019). Dobir alʹternatyvnykh sonyashnyku yarykh oliynykh kulʹtur dlya umov Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrayiny ta optymizatsiya yikh zhyvlennya [Selection of alternative spring oilseed crops for the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine and optimization of their nutrition]. Naukovi horyzonty, 9 (82), 27–35 (in Ukrainian).
8. Hamayunova, V. V., Khonenko, L. H., Baklanova, T. V., & Pylypenko, T. V. (2023). Sivozmina yak zakhid resursozabezpechennya ta ekolohichnoyi rivnovahy Pivdennoho rehionu Ukrayiny v voyennyy period [Crop rotation as a measure of resource conservation and ecological balance in the Southern region of Ukraine in the post-war period]. Climate-smart agriculture: science and practice: Scientific monograph. Riga, Latvia: Baltija Publishing. 361–394. (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.30525/978-9934-26-389-7-18
9. Hamayunova, V. V., & Kazanok, O. O. (2010). Vplyv umov vyroshchuvannya na vrozhaynistʹ sortiv soyi v pivdenniy zoni Ukrayiny [Influence of growing conditions on the yield of soybean varieties in the southern region of Ukraine]. Tavriysʹkyy naukovyy visnyk, 73, 24–29 (in Ukrainian).
10. Havrylenko, V. S. (2023). Formuvannya osnovnykh elementiv struktury urozhayu yachmenyu holozernoho yaroho zalezhno vid udobrennya [Formation of the main elements of the structure of naked spring barley yield depending on fertilization]. Tavriysʹkyy naukovyy visnyk 134, 24–29 (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.32782/2226-0099.2023.134.4
11. Kaminsʹkyy, I. V. (2013). Efektyvnistʹ vykorystannya zernobobovykh kulʹtur u polʹovykh sivozminakh yak poperednyka [Efficiency of using leguminous crops in field crop rotations as predecessors]. Ekonomika APK, 10, 24–27 (in Ukrainian).
12. Kudrya, S. I., Dehtyarʹova, Z. O., & Kudrya, N. A. (2020). Zapasy dostupnoyi volohy v chornozemi typovomu za riznoho nasychennya korotkorotatsiynykh sivozmin sonyashnykom [Available moisture reserves in typical chernozem under different saturation of short crop rotations with sunflower]. Suchasni problemy zemlerobsʹkoyi mekhaniky: materialy XXI Mizhnarodnoyi naukovoyi konferentsiyi, 132 (in Ukrainian).
13. Lytovchenko, A. O., Hlushko, T. V., & Sydyakina, O. V. (2017). Yakistʹ zerna sortiv pshenytsi ozymoyi zalezhno vid faktoriv ta umov roku vyroshchuvannya na pivdni Stepu Ukrayiny [Grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on factors and conditions of the growing season in the south of the Steppe of Ukraine]. Visnyk ahrarnoyi nauky Prychornomorʺya, 3, 101–110 (in Ukrainian).
14. Mazur, V., Didur, I., Tkachuk, O., Pantsyreva, H., & Ovcharuk, V. (2021). Agroecological stability of cultivars of sparsely distributed legumes in the context of climate change. Scientific Horizons. 24, 1, 54–60.
15. Ovcharuk, V. V. (2020). Pobichna produktsiya roslynnytstva – alʹternatyva popovnennya orhanichnoyi rechovyny hruntu [Crop by-products as an alternative for replenishing soil organic matter]. Dynamics of the development of world science. Vancouver, Canada, 9, 781–788 (in Ukrainian).
16. Popov, S., Avramenko, S., & Manʹko, K. (2022). Nemaye hnoyu – vizʹmitʹ solomu! [No manure – take straw!] Agroexpert. (in Ukrainian). Access mode: https://btu-center.com/upload/images/stories/u_to_know/agroexp(6)14.pdf
17. Rozhkov, A. O., Puzik, V. K., Kalensʹka, S. M., Puzik, L. M., Popov, S. I., Muzafarov, N. M., Bukhalo, V. YA., & Kryshtop, YE. A. (2016). a. Doslidna sprava v ahronomiyi: navchalʹnyy posibnyk: u 2 kn. Kn. 1. [Research work in agronomy: a textbook in 2 volumes. Vol. 1]. Teoretychni aspekty doslidnoyi spravy. Kharkiv. 316. (in Ukrainian).
18. Rozhkov, A. O., Puzik, V. K., Kalensʹka, S. M., Puzik, L. M., Popov, S. I., Muzafarov, N. M., Bukhalo, V. YA., & Kryshtop, YE. A. (2016). b. Doslidna sprava v ahronomiyi: navchalʹnyy posibnyk: u 2 kn. Kn. 2. [Research work in agronomy: a textbook in 2 volumes. Vol. 2]. Statystychna obrobka rezulʹtativ ahronomichnykh doslidzhenʹ. Kharkiv, 342. (in Ukrainian).
19. Skrylnyk, Ye. V., Hetmanenko, V. A., & Kutova, A. M. (2018). Calculative models of humus balance as an indicator of agroecological stability of land use organization [Calculation models of humus balance as an indicator of agroecological stability of land use organization], Naukovyy zhurnal «Naukovi horyzonty», 7–8 (70), 139–144 (in Ukrainian).
20. Sydyakina, O. V., & Hamayunova, V. V. (2023). Suchasnyy stan ta perspektyvy vyrobnytstva nasinnya sonyashnyku [Current state and prospects of sunflower seed production]. Tavriysʹkyy naukovyy visnyk, 131, 196–204. (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.32782/2226-0099.2023.131.25
21. Tkachuk, O. P., & Ovcharuk, V. V. (2020). a. Potentsial biomasy pobichnoyi produktsiyi roslynnytstva dlya udobrennya gruntu [Scientific achievements of modern society]. Abstracts of IX international scientific and practical conference, April 28–30, Liverpool, 1069–1076 (in Ukrainian)
22. Tkachuk, O. P., & Ovcharuk, V. V. (2020), b. Ekolohichnyy potentsial zernobobovykh kulʹtur u suchasniy intensyvniy sivozmini [Ecological potential of leguminous crops in modern intensive crop rotations]. Silʹsʹke hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo, 18, 161–171 (in Ukrainian).
23. Tkachuk, O. P., & Vradiy, O. I. (2022). Balans pozhyvnykh rechovyn u grunti pry vyroshchuvanni zernobobovykh kulʹtur [Nutrient balance in the soil when growing leguminous crops]. Ekolohichni nauky, 2 (41), 43–47 (in Ukrainian). doi: 10.32846/2306-9716/2022.eco.2-41.724.
24. Ushkarenko, V. O., Nikishenko, V. L., Holoborodʹko, S. P., & Kokovikhin, S. V. (2008). Dyspersiynyy i korelyatsiynyy analiz u zemlerobstvi ta roslynnytstvi: navchalʹnyy posibnyk [Variance and correlation analysis in agriculture and plant science: a textbook]. Aylant. Kherson, 272 (in Ukrainian).
ISSN 
ISSN 
