EFFICIENCY OF USING MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PUMPKIN VARIETIES
Abstract
In the modern world, the issue of providing the population with food products, including vegetables, does not lose its relevance. Cultivation of plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, in particular pumpkins (Cucurbita genus), plays an important role in solving this problem. In Ukraine, the culture of pumpkins is formed on the basis of three separate species represented by an approximately equal number of varieties. A group of varieties formed on the basis of interspecific hybrids is less represented. The broad genetic basis of modern culture and the active use in breeding of wild forms of pumpkins require additional parameters of visual identification. The article analyzes the possibility of using a number of morphoparameters, namely: five meristic, eight metric, and four static allometric, as an additional factor for the identification of varieties. The analysis was carried out for 6 varieties of pumpkins common in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, which belong to the species Cucurbita maxima Duch. (Atlantic Giant, Hundred Pound, Titan, Ukrainian Multifruit); Cucurbita pepo L. (Non-seeded) and Cucurbita moschata Duch. (Arabatskyi). It was established that the studied varieties differ statistically significantly in the values of the absolute majority of morphological characteristics (with the exception of the area of the smallest leaf, as well as the ratio between the number of side shoots of the first order and the length of the main shoot). The largest values of the length of the main shoot were registered in the Golonasinny variety, and the smallest - in the Arabatsky variety. Ukrainian multi-fruited was distinguished by the formation of the largest number of side shoots of the first order, and the Atlantic giant – the smallest. The highest values of morphoparameters characterizing the state of the leaf surface were recorded in the Ukrainian multi-fruited and Bare-seeded varieties, and the lowest values in the Arabatsky variety. In general, the investigated cultivars showed a high degree of individuality regarding the values of the indicators characterizing the assimilation surface. It was found that the largest number of generative structures is formed by plants of the Ukrainian multi-fruited and Bare-seeded varieties, and the least by Arabatsky. The studied varieties also showed a high degree of individuality regarding the values of morpho-indicators that characterize the state of their generative sphere. At the end of the growing season, the varieties Ukrainian multi-fruited and Atlantic Giant were distinguished by the largest values of fruit mass. As a result of the differences in the values of the leading morphoparameters registered in the six researched varieties, there were also statistically significant differences in the size of the crop formed by them.
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