ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ГРЕЧКИ В УМОВАХ ЗМІНИ КЛІМАТУ
Ключові слова:
клімат, сортова агротехніка, продовольча безпека, системи землеробства, урожайність, адаптивність.
Анотація
Через зміну клімату більше 80% видів рослин можуть зазнати змін щодо різноманітності, поточного поширення та потенційного середовища існування. Останніми роками переглядаються основні принципи ведення сільського господарства. Посилилась увага до розробки наукових основ стійкого відновлюваного агротехнологічного збалансованого землеробства. Для вирішення проблеми забезпечення населення повноцінними білками значна роль, без сумніву, відводиться круп’яним культурам, а особливо гречці. На сьогоднішній день гречка є не тільки звичайною культурою, але й символом здорового життя завдяки своїм багатим поживним і фармакологічним властивостям. Висока поживна цінність гречки визначається складом її білкового комплексу: білок гречки є високо засвоюваним (майже 60-70%), багатий такими важливими амінокислотами, як лізин, триптофан, аргінін, а також гістідін – необхідний для дитячого харчування. Отримання повноцінного урожаю гречки можливе лише при науковому обґрунтуванні застосування агротехнічних заходів, розроблених в конкретних агрокліматичних умовах. Через подальші зміни клімату та зниження рівня вологозабезпеченості в критичні періоди розвитку культур, необхідно шукати нові шляхи підвищення врожайності за відповідних умов, що склалися. Вирощування гречки має численні переваги для стійкості сільського господарства порівняно з іншими зерновими культурами, оскільки воно потребує низьких затрат і добре адаптоване до несприятливих умов. Нові підходи, безумовно, можуть бути корисними для виробництва гречки, однак, необхідні подальші дослідження для розробки нових сортів із бажаними характеристиками та без негативного впливу на інші продуктивні властивості. Важливим етапом перспективних досліджень визначено встановити агробіологічні особливості росту та розвитку рослин сортів гречки різного морфотипу в залежності від взаємодії досліджуваних елементів технології вирощування. Це сприятиме росту кількісних і якісних показників урожайності, валовому збору зерна та підвищенню стійкості землеробства.
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Опубліковано
2024-06-16
Як цитувати
Мащенко, О. А. (2024). ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ГРЕЧКИ В УМОВАХ ЗМІНИ КЛІМАТУ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 55(1), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.1.15
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