ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ РЕДЬКИ ОЛІЙНОЇ У ЗНИЖЕННІ ЗАБУР’ЯНЕНОСТІ ПОЛЯ ЗА ПРОМІЖНОГО (ЛІТНЬОГО) СИДЕРАЛЬНОГО ЇЇ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ
Ключові слова:
біопродуктивність, сидераційні технології, фітоценотичні показники, біологічні групи бур’янів, кількість бур’янів, маса бур’янів, рівень забур’яненості
Анотація
Досліджено та обґрунтовано доцільність та ефективність сидеральних систем землеробства у варіантах біологічного контролю рівня забур’яненості поля за використання варіанту проміжної (літньої) сидерації. У десятирічному циклі досліджень (2014–2023) застосовано базові методичні підходи до оцінки як біопродуктивного потенціалу редьки олійної, так і міжнародні методики щодо оцінки загального рівня забур’яненості та фітоценологічного статусу облікованих видів бур’янів. Проаналізовано видову структуру бур’янів у агроценозі редьки олійної та оцінено його за такими показниками як щільність (D), частота появи (F, %), поширеність (Ab), відносна щільність (RD, %), відносна частота появи (RF, %), відносна поширеність (RAb, %), індекс значущості (IVI), сумарний коефіцієнт домінування (SDR), клас частот виду бур’янів (Fcl). Оцінено результати післядії застосованої сидерації на кількісний та ваговий показник рівня забур’яненості ряду сільськогосподарських культур відповідно до схеми сівозміни. Встановлено ефективність застосування редьки олійної у варіанті сидерації для контролю як видової структури відповідного агроценозу у рік сидерації, так і у варіанті технологічної післядії, особливо на просапній групі сільськогосподарських культур. Відмічено у співставленні до контролю без сидерації загальне зниження чисельності ярої ранньої групи бур’янів на 66,1 % за кількістю та 49,7% за масою, ярої пізньої групи на 37,7% (39,5%), зимуючої на 72,2% (63,6%) та багаторічної на 48,0% (46,8%) відповідно. Встановлено загальне зниження фітоценологічного статусу домінуючих видів бур’янів на 8,5–18,9% із зміною класу частоти виду (Fcl) на один розряд та редукцію сумарного коефіцієнту домінування (SDR) на 23.7%. Доведено тісний достовірний обернений зв’язок між обсягом сформованої надземної біомаси на час заорювання сидерату із кількістю бур’янів (r = -0,717, dxy = 51,4% при р<0.001) та їх масою (r = -0,677, dxy = 45,8% при р<0.001). Аналогічний характер зв’язку встановлено між біопродуктивністю редьки олійної у рік сидерації та її післядією на наступні культури із рівнем детермінації на рівні 54,4% для кількості та 49,1% для маси бур’янів (при р<0,05). На підставі отриманих результатів рекомендовано редьку олійну як високопродуктивного та ефективного кандидата у системі літніх (проміжних) сидераційних технологій для контролю рівня сегетальної деградації поля.
Посилання
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24. Liu, S., Ma, Z., Zhang, Y., Chen Z., Du X., & Mu, Y. (2022). Astragalus sinicus Incorporated as Green Manure for Weed Control in Corn. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 829421. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829421
25. Lorenzo, P., Álvarez-Iglesias, L., González, L., & Revilla, P. (2022). Assessment of Acacia dealbata as green manure and weed control for maize crop. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 37(4), 322–336. doi: 10.1017/S1742170521000570
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27. Lysianskyi, O. L. (2018). Efektyvnist udobrennia syderalnykh kultur na chornozemi opidzolenomu Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [Efficiency of fertilisation of green manure crops on podzolised chernozem of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]: dys. ... kand. s.-h. nauk : 06.01.04 / Lysianskyi Oleksandr Leonidovych ; Nats. nauk. tsentr «In-t hruntoznavstva ta ahrokhimii im. O. N. Sokolovskoho». Kharkiv (in Ukrainian).
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Опубліковано
2024-10-23
Як цитувати
Цицюра, Я. Г. (2024). ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ РЕДЬКИ ОЛІЙНОЇ У ЗНИЖЕННІ ЗАБУР’ЯНЕНОСТІ ПОЛЯ ЗА ПРОМІЖНОГО (ЛІТНЬОГО) СИДЕРАЛЬНОГО ЇЇ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 56(2), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.2.10
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