ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОКРИВНИХ КУЛЬТУР ЯК СПОСІБ ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ВРОЖАЮ НАСТУПНИХ КУЛЬТУР
Ключові слова:
покривні культури, технологія, біологічна активність ґрунту, органічна речовина
Анотація
Стаття висвітлює особливості застосування посівів покривних культур як перспективного методу підвищення врожайності основних культур вирощування та збільшення потенціалу ґрунтів в країнах світу та Україні. Зазвичай середньостатистичний виробник аграрної продукції шукає способи із збільшення продуктивності шляхом найменшого спротиву застосовуючи мінеральні удобрення, що впливають на рівень урожаю у короткостроковій перспективі. В той же час ресурси планети Земля поступово вичерпуються, відбуваються впливи геополітичних криз, що призводить до збільшення ціни на основні види вдобрення та зменшення пропозиції їх на ринку. Таким чином, дедалі складніше стає досягати збільшення рівня урожаю враховуючи сучасні тенденції. Відповідно, як рішення, що частково покриває потребу в удобренні в даному разі стає застосування покривних культур. І окремо якнайкращим чином вирощування покривних культур впливає на покращення загального стану ґрунтового покриву, розвитку корисної мікрофлори, покращенню агрегатного складу ґрунту, сповільненню ерозії ґрунтів, утриманню вологи, пригніченню бур’янів та інші параметри, що дозволяють вирощувати більш якісний урожай та зберігати ґрунтовий потенціал в кожній країні світу. Розуміючи це в багатьох країнах світу уряди проводять політику підтримки фермерів, що направлена на збільшення площ застосування покривних культур. В той же час у країнах що розвиваються застосування покривних культур визначається кожним аграрієм окремо. Тому щоб покрити дефіцит інформації по темі та концентрувати увагу фермера на основних принципах та користі і ризиках застосування покривних культур необхідне додаткове дослідження теми. У світовій практиці існує безліч технологічних підходів до вирощування покривних культур. Вони в тій чи іншій мірі відповідають умовам території та агрометеорологічним параметрам конкретного регіону. Більш детального вивчення потребує питання застосування сумішей рослин покривних культур, оскільки серед переліку культурних рослин, що застосовуються для посіву у якості сидератів існують види, що мають свої особливості в частині величини біомаси чи розгалуженої кореневої системи. Таким чином під умови конкретного регіону важливо вибрати покривні культурні рослини, що забезпечать, зменшення ущільнення ґрунту чи підвищення вмісту органічної речовини. Питання способу посіву та способу заробки також потребують окремого інформаційного підґрунтя.
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Опубліковано
2024-12-23
Як цитувати
Микитченко, С. В. (2024). ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОКРИВНИХ КУЛЬТУР ЯК СПОСІБ ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ВРОЖАЮ НАСТУПНИХ КУЛЬТУР. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 57(3), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2024.3.5
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