Біологічна характеристика культури сорго
Ключові слова:
сорго, абіотичні фактори, стійкість до стресу, доместикація, адаптація.
Анотація
Глобальні тенденції зміни кліматичних умов протягом останніх десятиліть привертають увагу наукової спільноти до культур, які вирізняються пластичністю до абіотичних факторів середовища. Саме сорго є видом, якому притаманні такі властивості. Сорго – культура з надзвичайно великими потенційними можливостями за рівнем врожайності та універсальністю використання. Сорго зернове належить до культур, спроможних формувати високий рівень продуктивності за різноманітних умов вирощування, забезпечення вологою, ґрунтів, температурних режимів. Cеред польових культур сорго є беззаперечним лідером за здатністю переносити тривалi посухи, високі температури повітря та ґрунту.
Зміна клімату в бік аридизації розширює потенційний регіон вирощування культури зернового сорго. Останніми роками, через глобальні зміни клімату в бік потепління, спостерігається підвищення ймовірності посух не лише у зоні Степу, а й Лісостепу України. Це обумовлює зростання потреби у розширенні посівів посухо- і жаростійких культур. Основним аргументом більш інтенсивного залучення до агроценозів регіону зернового сорго є висока екологічна пластичність культури, здатна у несприятливі за значенням гідротермічного коефіцієнту агросезони бути повноцінною альтернативою іншим ярим зерновим (ячменю, кукурудзі, соняшнику, просу). Базисні елементи зональної технології вирощування зернового сорго, з метою отримання високих і сталих урожаїв зерна, у південних регіонах України вивчалася багатьма науковцями. Проте технологічні елементи вирощування сорго зернового в умовах північно-східного регіону України потребують детального дослідження для забезпечення формування високих і сталих урожаїв. На сьогодні до арсеналу виробничників надійшли нові сучасні сорти і гібриди цієї культури, реакція яких на фактори формування продуктивності (строки сівби, густота стояння рослин, елементи живлення тощо) вивчені фрагментарно. Перспективи подальших досліджень ґрунтуються на розробці наукових принципів забезпечення високої продуктивності зернового сорго з якісними показниками в умовах північно-східного Лісостепу України.
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Опубліковано
2020-10-26
Як цитувати
Жатова, Г., & Коваленко, М. (2020). Біологічна характеристика культури сорго. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 40(2), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2020.2.2
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