Структурно-агрегатний склад грунту під різними сидератми у міжряддях Ginkgo biloba L.
Ключові слова:
Ginkgo biloba, сидерати, покривні культури, структура ґрунту, міжряддя, коефіцієнт структурності, однорічні трави, бага-торічні трави.
Анотація
Гінкго білоба (Ginkgo biloba L.) для України є екзотичною рослиною, яка на даний час стає популярною для озеленення парків. Рослинна сировина (листки) використовуються як лікарська і у контексті органічного виробництва має фармацевтичну значущість. В Сумському національному аграрному університеті гінкго білоба вирощується з метою отримання органічної сировини розсадним способом; молоді саджанці пересаджуються у відкритий ґрунт, на ділянку, де догляд за рослинами відбувається без застосуванням пестицидів та синтетичних мінеральних добрив. Міжряддя між рослинами гінкго 2,5 м і у разі високої температури та посушливого вегетаційного періоду відсоток виживання особин знижується. Тому застосування сидеральних рослин у міжряддях гінкго білоба може допомогти рослині подолати температурний стрес, зрегулювати структурний та поживний стан ґрунту. У дослідженнях використано достатньо розповсюджені у Лісостепу України сидерати: фацелія, конюшина біла, конюшина червона, райграс однорічний, еспарцет піщаний, гірчиця біла. Сидерати висівалися у третю декаду квітня у міжряддя досліджуваного виду. Наприкінці серпня відібрано ґрунтові зразки на визначення структурно-агрегатного складу ґрунту пошарово 0‒10, 10‒20 і 20‒30 см, які після достигання повітряно-сухого стану були просіяні (сухий метод) і визначено відсотки часток ґрунту з різними діаметрами та коефіцієнт структурності ґрунту. Відсотки агрономічно цінної структури залежали від механічного обробітку ґрунту, що здійснювався на варіанті без сидератів та від видів сидератів, гідротермічних умов років дослідження. На варіанті без сидератів за механічного рихлення для боротьби з бур’янами отримано найвищий відсоток агрегатів діаметром 10‒0,25 мм у шарах 0‒10 і 20‒30 см, відповідно по цих глибинах і найвищий коефіцієнт структурності. Утримання міжрядь під такими сидератами як гірчиця біла, конюшина біла сприяло формуванню у шарі 0‒10 см доброго структурного стану. В шарі 10‒20 см коефіцієнт структурності був найвищий на варіанті із конюшиною білою, відповідно агрономічно цінна структура становила 69,6 %, дещо менше на гірчиці 68,3 % та еспарцеті 68,8 %. В шарі 20‒30 см еспарцет і конюшина біла серед сидератів показали найкращий результат, коефіцієнт структурності становив 2,7.
В подальшому дослідження ефективності покривних культур на ґрунтові режими, стан та розвиток гінкго білоба будуть продовжені і підбиратимуться кращі сидерати з оптимальними нормами та строками висіву та догляду за рослинами.
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8. Khamurzaev, S. M., Madaev, A. A., & Anasov, I. M. (2020). Green manure in the aisles of a young garden. [Sideraty v mezhduryad'yakh molodogo sada]. Plodorodiye, 4(115), 28‒29. (in Russian)
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12. Pachev, І. (2014). Study of Some Annual and Perennial Forage Crops as Sources of Green Manure (Siderates) for Soil Fertility Improvement. Soil science agrochemistry and ecology, XLVIII(2), 53‒56 (in Bulgarian).
13. Rigon, J. P. G., Franzluebbers, A. I. & Calonego, J. C. (2020). Soil aggregation and potential carbon and nitrogen mineralization with cover crops under tropical no-till. Journal of soil and water conservation, 75(5), 601‒609. doi: 10.2489/jswc.2020.00188
14. Basche, A. D. & Roesch-McNally, G.E. (2017). The trouble with cover crops: Farmers’ experiences with overcoming barriers to adoption Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 72(3), 59‒63. doi: 10.2489/jswc.72.3.59A
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16. Christensen, B. T. (1986). Straw incorporation and soil organic matter in macroaggregates and particle size separates. European journal of soil science, 37(1), 125‒135. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1986.tb00013.x
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Опубліковано
2020-12-25
Як цитувати
Ярощук, Р., Захарченко, Е., Коваленко, І., Ярощук, С., & Клименко, Г. (2020). Структурно-агрегатний склад грунту під різними сидератми у міжряддях Ginkgo biloba L . Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 42(4), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2020.4.4
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