Дослідження та перспективи генів стійкості до борошнистої роси пшениці
Ключові слова:
пшениця, борошниста роса пшениці, гени стійкості до борошнистої роси пшениці, VIGS, RNAi.
Анотація
Пшениця (Triticum aestivum L.) одна з основних зернових культур у світі. Борошниста роса пшениці – грибкове захворювання, спричинене інфекцією Blumeria graminis F.sp. tritici. Це одна з найважливіших хвороб пшениці у світі, яка серйозно впливає на врожайність та якість пшениці. Наразі основними способами боротьби з борошнистою росою є використання фунгіцидів та вирощування стійких до хвороб сортів. Оброблення фунгіцидами спричиняє накопичення залишків пестицидів та забруднення навколишнього середовища. Наразі джерел резистентності до борошнистої роси дикорослих видів та штучно виведених сортів пшениці не вистачає, тому необхідно терміново та ефективно створювати стійкі сорти. Традиційне схрещування має тривалу і низьку ефективність. Тим не менше, це швидкий та ефективний спосіб отримання стійких до хвороб сорти, використовуючи сучасні молекулярно-біологічні засобів для перенесення стійких до хвороб генів у культивовані сорти. Незважаючи на те, що вирощування стійких сортів є найбільш економічним та ефективним способом контролю борошнистої роси у пшениці, існують певні обмеження при введення генів стійкості звичайними способами для вирощування стійких сортів у товарному виробництві. Зі збільшенням захворюваності з кожним роком ця ситуація буде дедалі більше нездатною задовольнити потреби генетичного вдосконалення пшениці. Необхідно терміново дослідити новий спосіб створення стійких сортів пшениці до борошнистої роси, що забезпечуватиме тривалий широкий спектр дії.
Резистентність до хвороби через селекційне клонування рослин та взаємодії спорідненості патогенів відіграють ключову роль у вивченні фітопатогенів та їх механізму дії. Наразі у пшениці шляхом маніпулювання генами хвороби інфікований матеріал отримав тривалий широкий спектр дії меншої резистентності. У випадку захворювання генів та мутацій після такої резистентості до хвороби механізм досі незрозумілий. Отже, для селекції стійких сортів потрібні добування та використання генів стійкості. У статті підсумовується шкодочинність та розповсюдження борошнистої роси пшениці, механізм стійкості генів резистентності до борошнистої роси пшениці, а також функціональний аналіз, гени стійкості до борошнистої роси пшениці у галузі досліджень молекулярної біології, а також VIGS, RNAi, агробактеріальний принцип та застосування технічних засобів, таких як профілактика та боротьба з борошнистою росою пшениці, дослідження нових генів резистентності до борошнистої роси та регулювання стійкості, селекція стійких до хвороб сортів пшениці, що забезпечують бажану схему.
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3. He Zhonghu, Zhuang Qiaosheng, & Cheng Shunhe (2018). Wheat Industry Development and Scientific and Technological Progress in China. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 83(01), 105‒112.
4. Sun Zhilu (2019). Empirical Analysis of international Wheat Trade Market Forces in the Context of trade opening. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences), 4, 1‒14.
5. Cao, S. Q., Luo, H. S., & Jin, S. L. (2011). Effect of wheat powdery mildew in Tianshui, Gansu province on infection cycle during summer and sexual period. Plant Protection, (01), 121‒125.
6. Liu, Wancai, Liu Zhendong, & Huang Chong (2016). Statistics and analysis of major crop pests and diseases in recent 10 years. Plant Protection, 42, 1‒9.
7. Zhao Mingyue, Ouyang Fang, & Zhang Yongsheng (2016). Analysis of occurrence and Damage characteristics of Wheat diseases and Insect Pests in China from 2000 to 2010. Biohazard Science, (01), 4‒9.
8. Figueroa, M., Hammond Kosack, & Kim, E. (2018). A Review of Wheat Diseases - A Field perspective. Molecular Plant Pathology, 19(6), 1523‒1536.
9. Dean, R., Kan, J. A., & Pretorius, Z. A. (2012). The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 13(7), 414‒430.
10. Morgounov, A., Tufan, H. A., & Sharma, R. (2012). Global Incidence of Wheat Rusts and Powdery Mildew during 1969‒2010 and Resistance of winter Wheat Variety Bezostaya 1. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 132(3), 323‒340.
11. Griffey, C. A., Das, M. K., & Stromberg, E. L. (1993). Effectiveness of adult-plant resistance in reducing grain yield loss to powdery mildew in winter wheat. Plant Disease, 77(6), 618.
12. Conner, R. L., Kuzyk, A. D., & Su, H. (2003). Impact of powdery mildew on the yield of soft white spring wheat culti-vars. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 83(4), 725‒728.
13. Lackermann, K. V., Conley, S. P., & Gaska, J. M. (2011). Effect of location, cultivar, and diseases on grain yield of soft red winter wheat in Wisconsin. Plant Disease, 95(11), 1401‒1406.
14. Singh, R. P., Hodson, D. P., & Huertaespino, J. (2008). Will stem rust destroy the world's Wheat crop. Advances in Agronomy, 98(5), 271‒309.
15. Kang, Y. C., Barry, K., & Cao, F. (2019). Genome wide association mapping for adult resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat. Molecular Biology Reports, 53(3), 80‒96.
16. Panstruga, R., & Schulze Lefert, P. (2003). Corruption of host seven-transmembrane proteins by pathogenic microbes: a common theme in animals and plants. Microbes and Infection, 5(5), 429‒437.
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Опубліковано
2020-12-25
Як цитувати
Тао, Є., Власенко, В., ОсьмачкоO., & Бакуменко, О. (2020). Дослідження та перспективи генів стійкості до борошнистої роси пшениці. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 42(4), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2020.4.7
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