НАСІННЯ ЛЬОНУ (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) ЯК ЦІННИЙ ХАРЧОВИЙ РЕСУРС
Ключові слова:
льон, насіння, олія, жирні кислоти, йодне число, кислотне число
Анотація
У статті наводяться результати аналізу літературних джерел, що стосуються досліджень морфології, анатомії, хімічного складу насіння льону (Linum usitatissimum L.), а також промислового та медичного використання лляної олії. Ця культура з давніх часів відома людству як прядивна, оскільки слугувала як джерело волокна для виготовлення одягу та технічних тканин. Перелік тканинної продукції надзвичайно різноманітний: груба пакувальна тканина, мішковина, брезент, шпагат, тонкі постільні тканини, тканини для декору, рушників та одягу, а також тонкий батист. Насіння використовували як поживний корм для тварин та посівний матеріал. Але на сьогоднішній день все більше підвищується попит на насіння льону для переробки його на харчові, лікувальні та технічні цілі. Лляна олія широко використовується у промисловості для виготовлення оліфи, фарб, лаків, ізоляційної стрічки, лінолеуму, у кондитерській та рибоконсервній промисловості. Крім того, насіння льону може виступати в якості лікарського препарату для лікування захворювань кишково-шлункового тракту. Насінина льону має ряд морфолого-анатомічних особливостей, що обумовлюють біологічні властивості використання даної культури. Величина насінини (маса 1000 шт.) коливається, залежно від сорту та умов вирощування, від 2,1 до 13 г. Ендосперм лляної насінини містить велику кількість жирів та білку. Анатомічна будова та хімічний склад насіння льону визначають його потенціал як харчової та лікарської сировини. Насіння грубого помолу використовується для виготовлення хліба та випічки, що застосовуються у дієтичному харчуванні. Сучасні наукові дослідження показали, що насіння льону надзвичайно багате на поліненасичені жирні кислоти, такі як лінолева (ω-3), ліноленова (ω-6) та ряд інших. Ці кислоти зустрічаються у багатьох цінних оліях та продуктах тваринного походження; для людського організму вони є незамінними, оскільки ним не синтезуються. Їх вживання позитивно впливає на функціонування як окремих органів, так і терапевтичний стан людського організму в цілому. Так, поліненасичені жирні кислоти покращують еластичність стінок кровоносних судин, зокрема сітківки ока і м’язових волокон серця. Саме тому їх вживання бажане при глаукомі, катаракті, інфаркті міокарду, атеросклерозі, цукровому діабеті. Вживання даних кислот жінками під час вагітності позитивно впливає на розвиток головного мозку у плоду. У світовій практиці використання продуктів з ненасиченими жирними кислотами застосовують для підтримки пацієнтів з раковими захворюваннями та дефіцитом імунітету. Додавання лляної макухи у раціон сільськогосподарських тварин підвищує їх імунітет та поліпшує смакові якості м’яса.
Посилання
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Опубліковано
2022-02-21
Як цитувати
Верещагін, І. В., Кандиба, Н. М., Сташко, М. Р., & Недогибченко, А. С. (2022). НАСІННЯ ЛЬОНУ (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) ЯК ЦІННИЙ ХАРЧОВИЙ РЕСУРС. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 45(3), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2021.3.3
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