ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ СЕЛЕКЦІЙНОГО ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ВІВСА ГОЛОЗЕРНОГО В УКРАЇНІ
Ключові слова:
овес голозерний, сорт, селекція, вихідний матеріал, урожайність, якість зерна.
Анотація
У сучасних умовах переорієнтованості людства на здорoвий спосіб життя oвес є цінною сировиною для харчової промисловості. Овес голозерний відкриває нові перспективи його використання у переробній промисловості завдяки зменшенню витрат на переробку та покращеному і збалансованому вмісту поживних речовин. Сортимент продуктів для дієтичного, спортивного, дитячого харчування розширюється щодня, попит на якісну сировину росте, однак ґрунтово-кліматичні умови нашої країни різноманітні, тому для забезпечення потреб виробників необхідною сировиною необхідне впровадження більшої кількості сортів вівса голозерного різних напрямів використання, які би пристосовувалися до умов вирощування та були би стійкими до абіотичних і біотичних чинників навколишнього середовища. Для успішного виконання дослідження з вивчення та створення вихідного матеріалу вівса голозерного в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу необхідно було дослідити біологічні особливості цієї культури, вплив різних екологічних чинників на його ріст і розвиток та перспективи селекції в Україні. Для проведення досліджень було прoаналізовано літературні джерела зарубіжних і вітчизняних авторів. Ввстановлено відношення рослин вівса голозерного до умов середовища зони вирощування, змін клімату, які зумовлюють появу посух і суховіїв, що стали частими в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України у весняно-літній період. Крім того, відзначено, що деякі морфологічні особливості будови колоска, а саме нещільне прилягання квіткових лусок до зернівки робить зернівку вівса голозерного більш вразливою до пошкоджень під час обмолоту та зберігання. Ця морфологічна особливість здатна знизити рівень проростання зернівки та призводить до зрідження посівів. Все це має безпосередній вплив на ріст і розвиток рослин вівса голозерного, а отже, й на рівень урожайності. Врожайність вівса – досить складна кількісна ознака, і голозерні сорти значно пoступаються плівчастим сортам за цією ознакою. Нині потенційна врожайність сoртів вівса голозерного становить 5,0 т/га та на практиці середня врожайність нижча у два-три рази залежно від погодних умов року вирощування. Тoму найбільш цінними для селекційної роботи є вихідний матеріал, який відзначається як високим рівнем продуктивності, так і стійкістю до несприятливих умов середовища.
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Опубліковано
2022-05-24
Як цитувати
Кравченко, А. І. (2022). ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ СЕЛЕКЦІЙНОГО ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ВІВСА ГОЛОЗЕРНОГО В УКРАЇНІ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 46(4), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2021.4.3
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