ВПЛИВ СОРТУ ТА МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА РІСТ І РОЗВИТОК ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНО СХІДНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
Ключові слова:
сорт, стимулятор росту, мінеральні добрива, колос, зерно, урожайність.
Анотація
Удосконалення технології вирощування ячменю ярого – надзвичайно актуальне завдання, оскільки у нинішніх економічних умовах здешевлення виробництва зерна та підвищення його рентабельності можливе лише у разі впровадження нових агротехнічних прийомів. Дослідженнями передбачалося використання генетичного потенціалу сортів ячменю ярого з важливою для нього оптимізацією живлення, від якої залежать умови формування врожаю зерна. Вага колосу рослин у ячменю ярого сорту Доказ на контрольному варіанті у середньому за роки досліджень становила 0,56 г, за обробки стимулятором росту Гуміфілд ВР-18 – 0,62 г, при внесенні N16P16K16 – 0,67 г, N32P32K32 – 0,70 г. Аналогічно під впливом внесення стимулятора та мінеральних добрив цей показник зріс і у рослин ячменю ярого сорту Святогор – 0,70, 0,75, 0,80, 0,90 г, відповідно. Найбільша кількість зерен у колосі була у сорту Святогор і коливалася у межах 13,51–15,73 шт. залежно від мінерального живлення. У сорту Доказ кількість зерен у колосі була нижчою і коливалася у межах 13,40–14,65. Тобто спостерігалася тенденція до збільшення кількості зерен у колосі зі збільшенням дози мінеральних добрив Кількість зерен у колосі тісно пов’язана з масою зерна з одного колоса. Найвищою маса зерна з колоса була у сорту Святогор за внесення мінерального добрива N32P32K32 – 0,81 г, дещо нижча маса зерна з колосу була за внесення N16P16K16 – 0,76 г, Гуміфілд ВР-18 – 0,73 г та на контролі 0,65 г. Сорт Доказ характеризувався нижчою масою зерна з колоса 0,75, 0,72, 0,66, 0,60 г, відповідно. Водночас встановлено, що найбільшою масою 1 000 зерен відрізнялися рослини у посівах сорту Святогор. Так, на контролі (без добрив) маса 1 000 насінин становила 48,10 г, за внесення стимулятора росту Гуміфілд ВР-18 – 48,50, за внесення мінеральних добрив у дозі N16P16K16 – 50,00 г, N32P32K32 – 51,50. Дещо менша маса 1000 насінин спостерігалася у сорту Доказ – 44,78, 46,32, 49,52, 51,19 г, відповідно Максимальна урожайність у середньому за період досліджень формувалася у сорту Святогор. Так, на контролі урожайність становила – 2,28 т/га, за внесення стимулятора росту Гуміфілд ВР-18 – 2,70 т/га, за внесення мінеральних добрив у дозі N16P16K16 – 3,19 т/га, N32P32K32 – 3,66 т/га. Сорт Доказ характеризувався нижчою урожайністю 2,07, 2,43, 2,97, 3,19 т/га, відповідно. Сорт Святогор за дози мінерального добрива N32P32K32 забезпечив отримання максимальної ваги колосу 0,90 г, вагу зерна у колосі 0,81 г та довжину колосу 5,84 см. Кількість зерен у колосі становило 15,73 шт. з масою 1 000 насінин 51,50 г. Максимальну урожайність у середньому за період досліджень отримано за дози добрив N32P32K32 у сорту Святогор 3,66 т/га. Сорт Доказ при дозі добрив N32P32K32 забезпечив урожайність на рівні 3,19 т/га.
Посилання
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14. Huang, H., Ullah, F., Zhou, DX, Yi, M, & Zhao, Y. (2019). Mechanisms of ROS regulation of plant development and stress responses. Frontiers in Plant Science,10, 1−10. doi 10.3389/fpls.2019.00800
15. Kalenska, S.M., & Tokar, B.Yu. (2015). Urozhainist yachmeniu yaroho zalezhno vid rivnia mineralnoho zhyvlennia [Yield of spring barley depending on the level of mineral nutrition]. Novitni tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur, 30−33 (in Ukrainian).
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Опубліковано
2022-05-24
Як цитувати
Радченко, М. В., & Пшиченко, О. І. (2022). ВПЛИВ СОРТУ ТА МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА РІСТ І РОЗВИТОК ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНО СХІДНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 46(4), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2021.4.8
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