РОЗВИТОК СТАЛОГО ЕКОЛОГІЧНО ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Ключові слова:
органічне землеробство, екологізація, сталий розвиток, продовольча безпека, агроекологічний потенціал, органічна продукція
Анотація
Під стійкістю розвитку людської цивілізації розуміють такий її розвиток, при якому економічне зростання і соціальний прогрес не супроводжуються деградацією природного середовища та втратою біорізноманіття. Ідея сталого розвитку викликала загальний відгук і розуміння, тому що вона носить комплексний характер і визначає не тільки рух у бік усвідомлення незмінності взаємозв’язку людського суспільства та природного середовища з її обмеженими ресурсами, а й включає принцип рівності та справедливості в отриманні нинішнім і майбутніми поколіннями всіх життєвих благ. До кінця ХХ століття концепція сталого розвитку стала загальноприйнятою і лягла в основу політики та розвитку економіки всіх держав світу. Вирішувати проблеми сталого розвитку доводиться в умовах глобалізації економіки, що формується, розвитку постіндустріального інформаційного соціуму і безперервного зростання чисельності населення Землі. Головною перешкодою для контрольованого сталого розвитку є прогресуюче використання природних ресурсів. Лідирує у цьому напрямі агропромисловий комплекс. Збільшення потужностей та територіальне розширення у поєднанні з підвищенням урожайності всіх сільськогосподарських культур визначаються демографічними процесами. Швидке наростання чисельності населення на планеті у поєднанні з активним розвитком промисловості та сільського господарства призвело до розвитку глобальної екологічної кризи. Інтенсивні сільськогосподарські технології стали одним із її важливих джерел. Інтенсивні агротехнології ведуть до цілого комплексу негативних наслідків: знижується природна родючість ґрунту, розвиваються ерозійні процеси, знижується кількість корисних мікроорганізмів у ґрунті та ін. Органічне землеробство являє собою особливу модифікацію традиційного землеробства, орієнтовану на отримання біологічно безпечних продуктів харчування і максимальне збереження родючості ґрунту. В цілому, в Україні органічне землеробство знаходиться в стані прогресивного розвитку, зростає число господарств, збільшуються площі посівів. За даними Федерації органічного руху України, станом на 2020 рік площі під органічним землеробством перевищила 400 га. Для успішного ведення органічного господарства дуже важливим є регіональний аспект. Він визначає підбір сортів, характер сівозміни, способи обробки ґрунту, терміни сівби та багато інших агротехнічних елементів.
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Опубліковано
2022-07-21
Як цитувати
Коваленко, І. М. (2022). РОЗВИТОК СТАЛОГО ЕКОЛОГІЧНО ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 47(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.1.10
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