ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТА УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ІНТЕРФЕРЕНЦІЇ РНК У БОРОТЬБІ З ШКІДНИКАМИ
Ключові слова:
технологія RNAi, ген-мішень, біологічний метод боротьби з шкідливими комахами, захист від шкідників у сільськогосподарському виробництві
Анотація
Через серйозні проблеми, які спричиняють хімічні пестициди – «3R» (формування стійкості до них, переродження та шкідливі залишки), вони поступово замінюються в сільському господарстві іншими методами боротьби з шкідниками та патогенами. Водночас, трансгенні культури, що експресують токсини Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), були широко залучені для боротьби з комахами-шкідниками, але еволюція стійкості до Bt у задіяних шкідників загрожує надійності такого підходу. Дослідження щодо пошуку нових способів ефективної боротьби з шкідниками ніколи не припиняються. В останні роки отримав визнання біологічний метод боротьба з шкідниками, оскільки дає перевагами щодо відсутності забруднення та безперервного впливу на довкілля. Проте, біологічні методи також стикаються з багатьма проблемами: на їхню ефективність сильно впливають фактори зовнішнього середовища або комаха-господар; важко отримати велику кількість комах природних ворогів шляхом штучного розмноження, це дуже дорого для виробництва у лабораторіях комах – природних ворогів. З розвитком технологій молекулярної біології за допомогою сучасних молекулярно-біологічних мішеней отримано нову тенденцію для біологічної боротьби з шкідниками. Інтерференція РНК (RNAi) є висококонсервативним механізмом приглушення генів після транскрипції, який існував у комах. За допомогою цього мРНК націлена на деградацію дволанцюгової РНК (dsRNA) або гомологічної мРНК, що призводить до інгібування специфічної послідовності генів. Технологія RNAi не тільки відіграє важливу роль у вивченні функціонального геному комах, але також має великий потенціал у боротьбі з шкідниками. У 2001 році технологію RNAi було занесено журналом Science до складу десяти найкращих наукових проривів, а також його першовідкривачів удостоєно Нобелівської премії у 2006 році. RNAi має високу ефективність і сильну специфічність, широко використовується для вивчення функції цільового гена або дослідження експериментального лікування хвороб. Коли цільові гени комах знищувалися за допомогою РНК-і, це завжди призводило до загибелі комах або поведінкових дефектів. Це є екологічно чистий біотехнологічний метод для боротьби з шкідниками, він рідко викликає стійкість до інших інсектицидів. Тому технологія RNAi розглядається як потенційна стратегія боротьби з шкідниками, яка має великий потенціал, корисна для захисту від комах та розробки нових пестицидів тощо. Ця технологія успішно використовується у комах Hemiptera (напівкрилих), Orthoptera (прямокрилих), Diptera (двокрилих) та інших. У цій роботі в основному описано механізм приглушення RNAi, кілька способів трансплантації dsРНК комахам та фактори, що визначають ефективність RNAi при застосуванні на комахах. Нарешті, ми також розглянули існуючі проблеми та деякі поточні рішення технології RNAi, щоб додатково обговорити механізм та існуючі проблеми RNAi, які застосовуються у боротьбі з шкідниками. Це додає нове уявлення про боротьбу з шкідниками за допомогою технології RNAi.
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Опубліковано
2022-12-04
Як цитувати
Цао, Ч., & Власенко, В. (2022). ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТА УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ІНТЕРФЕРЕНЦІЇ РНК У БОРОТЬБІ З ШКІДНИКАМИ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 48(2), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.2.1
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