ЗАБУР’ЯНЕНІСТЬ ПОСІВІВ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД УМОВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ В ПАРО-ЗЕРНО-ПРОСАПНІЙ СІВОЗМІНІ
Ключові слова:
пшениця озима, бур’яни, сівозміна, обробіток ґрунту, добрива, гербіциди
Анотація
Бур’яни негативно впливають на рівень урожайності зерна пшениці озимої. Результативність обмеження росту і розвитку бур’янів у посівах можна досягти шляхом підбору сівозміни, попередника, способів основного обробітку ґрунту, системи удобрення та захисту від бур’янів. Метою статті було встановити вплив цих складових технології вирощування пшениці озимої на забур’яненість її посівів. Забур’яненості посівів культури визначали шляхом проведення моніторингу розповсюдження бур’янів. За даними досліджень 2016–2018 рр. в агрофітоценозах пшениці озимої після чорного пару в умовах східної частини Лісостепу України виявлено 47 видів бур’янів і засмічувачів (ярих ранніх і пізніх – 47%, зимуючих, озимих і дворічних – 36%, багаторічних – 17%), а після гороху на зерно – 42 види (ярих ранніх і пізніх – 45%, зимуючих, озимих і дворічних – 38%, багаторічних – 17%). До категорії дуже широко поширених бур’янів у посівах культури після чорного пару увійшло 5 видів (Setaria glauсa, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Delphinium consolida), а після гороху на зерно – 14 видів (S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, C. album, S. nigrum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Fallopia convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare, Capsella bursa-pastoris, D. consolida, Galium aparine, Viola arvensis, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis). Найбільшу кількість видів виявлено після чорного пару в контролі (оранка, без добрив) та після гороху на зерно за чизелювання (післядія 30 т/га гною + N60P60K60). Гербіциди суттєво впливали на домінантну роль окремих видів бур’янів. У посівах переважав дводольномалорічно-злаковооднорічно-коренепаростковий тип забур’яненості. При цьому на всіх досліджуваних варіантах рівень забур’яненості культури щорічно був вищий після гороху на зерно, ніж після чорного пару. Отримані дані дозволяють більш успішно контролювати бур’яни в посівах пшениці озимої.
Посилання
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2. Chuhrii, H. A. (2020). Otsinka efektyvnosti vyroshchuvannia pshenytsi ozymoi za troma tekhnolohiiamy: intensyvnoiu, orhano-adaptyvnoiu ta orhanichnoiu [Evaluation of the effectiveness of growing winter wheat by three technologies: intensive, organo-adaptive and organic]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk, 112, 166–173 doi: 10.32851/2226-0099.2020.112.24 (in Ukrainian).
3. Cortés-Jiménez, Juan Manuel; Ortiz-Avalos, Alma Angélica; Fuentes-Dávila, Guillermo; Rosas-Jáuregui, Ivón Alejandra & Félix-Fuentes, José Luis (2021). Effect of Convolvulus arvensis on yield components of durum wheat in an organic production system in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. Annual Wheat Newsletter, 67, 47–51.
4. Hutianskyi, R. A. (2019). Zaburianenist ta vrozhainist ekstremalno piznikh posiviv pshenytsi ozymoi zalezhno vid zernobobovoho poperednyka, herbitsydu ta rehuliatora rostu roslyn [Weediness and yield of extremely late winter wheat crops depending on grain leguminous forecrop, herbicide and plant growth regulator]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Natsionalnoho naukovoho tsentru «Instytut zemlerobstva NAAN», 3–4, 26–39 (in Ukrainian).
5. Ivaniuk, V. (2017). Osoblyvosti zaburianennia pshenytsi ozymoi za vyroshchuvannia yii bezzminno ta v sivozmini [Peculiarities of weeding of winter wheat by growing its in monocrop and in crop rotation]. Visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Ahronomiia, 21, 43–48 (in Ukrainian).
6. Khalaf, Y. Bani, Aldahadha, A., Samarah, N., Migdadi, O. & Musallam, I. (2021). Effect of zero tillage and different weeding methods on grain yield of durum wheat in semi-arid regions. Agronomy Research, 19(1), 13–27, doi: 10.15159/AR.20.236
7. Kovalenko, N. P. & Al-Dzhanabi, K. T. B. (2016). Vplyv system osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu na zaburianenist posiviv pshenytsi ozymoi v korotkorotatsiinykh sivozminakh Pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy [Influence of basic tillage systems on weediness of winter wheat crops in short crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine]. Biuleten Instytutu silskoho hospodarstva stepovoi zony NAAN Ukrainy, 10, 53–57 (in Ukrainian).
8. Krivenko, A. I., Pochkolina, S. V. & Bezedi, N. G. (2019). Vydovyi sklad burianiv ta zaburianenist posiviv pshenytsi ozymoi zalezhno vid poperednykiv ta riznykh system osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu v umovakh Prychornomoria [Weeds species and weediness in winter wheat crops depending on predecessors and different systems of basic soil tillage in the Black Sea Steppe Region]. Tavriiskyi naukovyi visnyk, 108, 53–62 doi: 10.32851/2226-0099.2019.108.8 (in Ukrainian).
9. Kurdiukova, O. M. & Tyshchuk, O. P. (2018). Zymuiuchi buriany ta osoblyvosti udoskonalennia systemy yikh kontroliu v posivakh [Wintering weeds and features of improving the system of their control in crops]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 4–5, 5–7 (in Ukrainian).
10. Lenshyn, O. H. (2012). Zaburianenist pshenytsi ozymoi v korotkorotatsiinii sivozmini [Contamination of winter wheat in short crop rotation]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 2, 17–19 (in Ukrainian).
11. Levchenko, L. M. (2019). Zalezhnist zaburianenosti pshenytsi ozymoi vid systemy obrobitku gruntu v korotkorotatsiinii sivozmini [Dependence of winter wheat weeding on soil tillage in short crop rotation.]. Naukovi pratsi Instytutu bioenerhetychnykh kultur i tsukrovykh buriakiv, 27, 18–24 doi: 10.47414/np.27.2019.211078 (in Ukrainian).
12. Maliienko, A. M. & Zaiats, P. S. (2018). Produktyvnist pshenytsi ozymoi pry optymizatsii strokiv ta doz zastosuvannia herbitsydu za riznykh sposobiv osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu v Lisostepu [Productivity of winter wheat during the optimization of terms and doses of herbicide application under different methods of main soil tillage in the forest-steppe.]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats NNTs «Instytut zemlerobstva NAAN», 1, 33–43 (in Ukrainian).
13. Mandryk, I. A. (2013). Rozrobka zakhodiv po rehuliuvanniu chyselnosti burianiv u posivakh ozymoi pshenytsi [Development of measures to control the number of weeds in winter wheat crops]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 75, 144–149 (in Ukrainian).
14. Masliiov, S. V., Yarchuk, I. I., Beseda, O. O. & Khvorostian, O. V. (2019). Vyznachennia ahrofitotsenozu burianiv u suchasnykh tekhnolohiiakh vyroshchuvannia pshenytsi ozymoi [Determination of agrophytocenosis of weeds in modern technologies of winter wheat cultivation]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 11–12 (258), 1–4 doi: 10.36495/2312-0614.2019.11-12.1-4 (in Ukrainian).
15. Matiukha, V. L. (2012). Ekonomichnyi porih shkodochynnosti burianiv [Economic threshold of harmfulness of weeds]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 1, 1–3 (in Ukrainian).
16. Matiukha, V. L. (2021). Tekhnichna efektyvnist bakovykh sumishei herbitsydiv u posivakh pshenytsi ozymoi pislia neparovykh poperednykiv v umovakh Pivnichnoho Stepu Ukrainy [Technical efficiency of tank mixtures of herbicides in crops of winter wheat after non-fallow predecessors in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 1 (264), 19–24 doi: 10.36495/2312-0614.2021.1.19-24 (in Ukrainian).
17. Moldovan, V. H. (2013). Fitosanitarnyi stan posiviv pshenytsi ozymoi zalezhno vid sivozminnoho chynnyka ta system udobrennia [Phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops depending on the crop rotation factor and fertilization systems]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 2, 4–6 (in Ukrainian).
18. Pacanoski, Z. & Mehmeti, A. (2018). POST herbicide programme for effective weed control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy Research, 16(4), 1796-1808. doi: 10.15159/AR.18.177
19. Rozhkov, A.O. & Ohurtsov, Ye.M. (2017). Roslynnytstvo [Plant production]. Kharkiv: Team Publish Group, 363 [in Ukrainian].
20. Sham, I. V. (2011). Formuvannia zaburianenosti posiviv pshenytsi ozymoi zernoprosapnoi sivozminy [Formation of weediness of winter wheat crops of grain-row crop rotation]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 10, 3–4 (in Ukrainian).
21. Sham, I. V., Remeniuk, Yu. O. & Makukh, Ya. P. (2011). Vplyv system obrobitku gruntu v sivozmini na zaburianenist i produktyvnist posiviv ozymoi pshenytsi [The influence of tillage systems in crop rotation on weediness and productivity of winter wheat crops]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 3, 7–9 (in Ukrainian).
22. Shpyrka, N. F., Tanchyk S. P. & Pavlov O. S. (2018). Zaburianenist posiviv pshenytsi ozymoi za riznykh system zemlerobstva v Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy [Weediness of winter wheat crops under different farming systems in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats «Naukovyi visnyk NUBiP Ukrainy. Seriia: Ahronomiia», 286, 120–128 (in Ukrainian).
23. Sudak, V. M., Horbatenko, A. I. & Matiukha, V. L. (2018). Intehrovanyi kontrol burianiv pry vyroshchuvanni pshenytsi ozymoi po chystomu paru [Integrated control of weeds during the cultivation of winter wheat on fallow. Cereal crops.]. Zernovi kultury, 1, 2, 123–131 doi: 10.31867/2523-4544/0017 (in Ukrainian).
24. Tanchyk, S. P. & Shpyrka, O. M. (2012). Herbitsydy u posivakh pshenytsi ozymoi [Herbicides in winter wheat crops]. Karantyn i zakhyst roslyn, 12, 17–18 (in Ukrainian).
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Опубліковано
2022-12-04
Як цитувати
Гутянський, Р. А., Попов, С. І., Авраменко, С. В., & Кузьменко, Н. В. (2022). ЗАБУР’ЯНЕНІСТЬ ПОСІВІВ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД УМОВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ В ПАРО-ЗЕРНО-ПРОСАПНІЙ СІВОЗМІНІ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 48(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2022.2.8
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