ПОЛБА ЗВИЧАЙНА: ПОХОДЖЕННЯ, ПОШИРЕННЯ, БІОЛОГІЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ В СУЧАСНОМУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОМУ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ УКРАЇНИ
Ключові слова:
Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl., полба звичайна, або культурна двозернянка, плівчастість, філогенія, геном пшениці, господарсько-цінні та морфо-біологічні ознаки, селекційний процес.
Анотація
В останні десятиріччя спостерігається зростання інтересу до селекції малопоширених пшениць, що в свою чергу обумовлено зростанням серед споживачів попиту на продукцію зерна з цих видів. До таких видів належить і стародавній плівчастий вид пшениці Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. – полба звичайна, який вирощувався в Україні з доісторичних часів, але з переходом до інтенсивного сільськогосподарського виробництва був повністю витіснений з полів високопродуктивними сортами м’якої та твердої пшениці. Для багатьох зразків полби звичайної притаманним є стійкість до різних несприятливих чинників середовища, двозернянка зростає на малородючих ґрунтах, стійка до холоду, надмірного зволоження і посухи, відзначається імунітетом до основних грибкових хвороб та шкідників, витримує забур’янення, що дозволяє вирощувати її без використання засобів захисту рослин за органічною, екологічно безпечною технологією. Другою важливою особливістю полби, що вплинула на відродження цієї культури є висока поживна якість її зерна та чудові смакові якості крупи з нього. Саме з цих причин продукція виготовлена з зерна полби, високо цінується серед шанувальників здорового і дієтичного харчування, що і призвело до зростання попиту на неї в багатьох країнах світу. Останнім часом, спостерігається зростання попиту на продукцію з двозернянки і в Україні, про що свідчить поява нових сортів полби на вітчизняному ринку та збільшення посівних площ під нею. Зважаючи на інтерес селекціонерів і виробників до цієї культури ми підготували огляд, в якому навели проаналізовані та узагальнені відомості, щодо походження полби та історію її поширення, надали інформацію стосовно її морфо-біологічних ознак та властивостей, оцінили перспективність її використання в селекційному процесі та відродження полби звичайної як самостійної культури. В статті наводяться приклади успішного використання полби в селекційній роботі з різними видами пшениці та обговорюються проблемні питання, щодо її культивування і використання як самостійної культури.
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Опубліковано
2023-06-09
Як цитувати
Рожков, Р. В., Бабенко, Л. М., Криворученко, Р. В., Турчинова, Н. П., Іванов, О. В., & Турчинов, О. О. (2023). ПОЛБА ЗВИЧАЙНА: ПОХОДЖЕННЯ, ПОШИРЕННЯ, БІОЛОГІЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ В СУЧАСНОМУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОМУ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ УКРАЇНИ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 51(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2023.1.11
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