ЩЕПЛЕННЯ У СИСТЕМІ ЗАХОДІВ ІЗ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ РОСЛИН РОДИНИ CUCURBITACEAE
Ключові слова:
родина Cucurbitaceae, рід Cucurbita, баштанні культури, щеплення, врожайність, якість продукції рослинницва, фізіолого-біохімічні зміни, стійкість до стресу, адаптація, розвиток рослин, технологія вирощування.
Анотація
Незважаючи на давню історію виникнення, у сучасних умовах щеплення є технологією, яка не лише широко використовується, а й постійно вдосконалюється. Її застосування в системі заходів із вирощування рослин родини Cucurbitaceae є невд’ємною складовою розв’язання однієї із пріоритетних проблем людства: забезпечення населення продуктами харчування. Метою даної є огляд літературних джерел, присвячених питанню використанню цієї технології при культивуванні рослин родини Cucurbitaceae. При цьому у якості підщепи широко використовуються гарбузи. При оцінці ефективності застосування зазначеної технології, значну увагу приділяють вивченню показників врожайності, продуктивності рослин. Показано, що щепленням дійсно можна досягти раннього збору продукції, продовжити період росту та збільшити врожайність. На тлі щеплення часто відбувається й зміна якості отримуваних плодів (їхньої форми, товщини шкірки, рН соку, вмісту глюкози, амінокислот, мінеральних елементів тощо). Здебільшого відзначається, що зміни, які реєструються у плодів при використанні щеплення, не супроводжуються докорінним погіршенням якості отримуваної продукції. Разом з тим у літературних джерелах відзначається, що невдале поєднання рослин, обраних для щеплення, може призвести до зниження як врожайності, так і якості продукції. Тобто вибір відповідної комбінації підщепи та прищепи є ключем для досягнення високої продуктивності баштанних культур. Зареєстровані у щеплених рослин факти щодо показників врожайності, швидкості росту, ознак плодів тощо є закономірним результатом фізіологічних змін, які відбуваються при їхньому вирощуванні. На тлі щеплення, зокрема, у рослин проявлялися зміни у поглинанні води та мінеральних елементів, синтезі фітогормонів, мала місце активізація потоку речовин й енергетичного обміну та зростала холодостійкості рослин. Щеплення є й засобом впливу на екохарактеристики особин та моделювання рослин із ознаками, що відповідають запитам виробництва. Зокрема, застосування щеплення є ефективним при вирішенні питання щодо підвищення солєстійкості представників родини Cucurbitaceae. Результати багатьох досліджень засвідчують, що щеплення, у тому числі й завдяки використанню високостійких або імунних підщеп, може значно поліпшити стійкість рослин до хвороб. У свою чергу, щеплені рослини у середовищі без хвороб проявляли вищі показники врожайність, середньої маси плодів, вмісту розчинної сухої речовини та виживання рослин.
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Опубліковано
2023-06-09
Як цитувати
Сунтао, Х. (2023). ЩЕПЛЕННЯ У СИСТЕМІ ЗАХОДІВ ІЗ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ РОСЛИН РОДИНИ CUCURBITACEAE. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 51(1), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2023.1.15
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