ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНДУКОВАНОГО МУТАГЕНЕЗУ В СЕЛЕКЦІЇ ЗЕРНОВОГО АМАРАНТУ (ОГЛЯДОВА СТАТТЯ)
Ключові слова:
амарант, селекція, мутагенез, мутації, етилметансульфонат
Анотація
Амарант є перспективною сільськогосподарською культурою, посівні площі під якою в Україні та країнах Європейського союзу з кожним роком зростають, що робить його привабливим для сільськогосподарських виробників. Насіння амаранту містить велику кількість легкозасвоюваного білку (до 18 %), ліпідів (до 9,7 %) та комплекс різних вітамінів, потрібних для людського організму. У статті на основі аналізу українських та закордонних літературних джерел проведено оцінку перспективності використання індукованого мутагенезу в селекції амаранту. Розглянуто різні методи мутагенезу, їх ефективність та мутації, які вони індукують на різних сільськогосподарських культурах. Відзначено, що за допомогою використання різних фізичних і хімічних мутагенів у світі створені нові генотипи рослин, з морфологічними та господарсько-цінними ознаками, які неможливо отримати іншими класичними методами селекції. З огляду літературних джерел встановлено, що основним методом індукованого мутагенезу, який застосовувався в селекційній практиці амаранту, було використання фізичного мутагенезу на основі гама-випромінювання і подальше вивчення хромосомних аберацій, якісного складу насіння та фенотипових змін рослин. Водночас майже не вивченим залишається використання хімічного мутагенезу та мутацій, які він індукує. Серед основних мутагенів, що ефективно себе зарекомендували в мутаційній селекції, є алкілуючі речовини, такі як диметилсульфат, етилметансульфонат, етиленімін та інші. Проаналізувавши літературні джерела, відмічено, що етилметансульфонат є одним із перспективним хімічних мутагенів, який був успішно використаний на різних сільськогосподарських культурах, таких як пшениця, кукурудза, кіноа, льон олійний та інших, при створенні однолокусних та багатолокусних мутацій. Втім, досліджень по вивченню впливу мутагену етилметансульфонату на зернові види роду Amaranthus не проводилося, що робить даний напрямок перспективним для подальших наукових досліджень та створення нових генотипів амаранту з покращеними господарсько-цінними ознаками.
Посилання
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Опубліковано
2023-09-13
Як цитувати
Пилипець, С. О. (2023). ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНДУКОВАНОГО МУТАГЕНЕЗУ В СЕЛЕКЦІЇ ЗЕРНОВОГО АМАРАНТУ (ОГЛЯДОВА СТАТТЯ). Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 52(2), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2023.2.11
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