РОЛЬ ДОБРИВ ТА РЕГУЛЯТОРІВ РОСТУ РОСЛИН ЗА СУЧАСНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО В УМОВАХ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
Ключові слова:
ячмінь, продуктивність, сорти, технологія, добрива, позакореневе підживлення, врожайність, якість
Анотація
За світовими посівними площами та обсягами виробництва ячмінь належить до основних зернових культур, є однією з найбільш стійких рослин до посухи та лужних ґрунтів, має найвищу ефективність використання води порівняно з іншими зерновими. Водночас він менш толерантний до кислих ґрунтів. Цю культуру вважають однією з основних у високогірних районах Азії, де переважають суворі зими та коротке літо. У наведеній науковій роботі проведено огляд тенденцій виробництва зерна ячменю в світі та Україні. Здійснено аналіз сортового асортименту та комплексного використання добрив за сучасних технологій вирощування та змін клімату. Сьогодні світові посівні площі ячменю ярого сягають близько 75 млн га. Ячмінь має високу стійкість до кліматичних змін упродовж вегетаційного періоду, що знижує ризик отримання низьких урожаїв у несприятливі роки. Ярий ячмінь є однією із ключових зернових культур, що вирощують в Україні. За виробництвом ячмінного зерна Україну можна віднести до 5 країн-лідерів. Більше виробляють лише країни ЄС та Австралія. Країна може забезпечити до 20 % світового виробництва. Державний реєстр сортів рослин України налічує 177 сортів ячменю ярого, із них більше 60 % від загальної кількості – це сорти української селекції. Сучасні сорти за сприятливих умов та належного рівня агротехнічних прийомів здатні формувати від 8,0 т і більше зерна на 1 га. Такі високі врожаї зазвичай отримують в наукових установах та сортостанціях. Розроблення та вдосконалення існуючих технологій вирощування ярого ячменю за сучасних умов змін клімату є на сьогодні основним пріоритетним напрямком сільськогосподарського виробництва. Для підвищення врожайності потрібно зосередитись на створенні сприятливих умов, що дозволяють культурі реалізувати свій потенціал. З аналізу сучасних наукових публікацій очевидно, що ячмінь є і буде культурою світового землеробства багатовекторного використання. Україна входить до п’ятірки країн світу за виробництвом зерна ячменю. Ґрунтово-кліматичні умови дозволяють українським аграріям нарощувати виробничі потужності й бути конкурентоспроможними на світовому ринку. Підвищення вартості енергоносіїв та добрив робить надзвичайно важливими питання оптимізації окремих складників технології вирощування ячменю ярого. Одним із них є дослідження комплексної дії та синергізму від внесення мінеральних добрив та регуляторів росту рослин. Зростання частоти виявлення стресових факторів підвищує актуальність вивчення стабілізуючої ролі регуляторів росту з антистресовою дією.
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Опубліковано
2023-12-27
Як цитувати
Кубрак, Т. М., & Мельник, А. В. (2023). РОЛЬ ДОБРИВ ТА РЕГУЛЯТОРІВ РОСТУ РОСЛИН ЗА СУЧАСНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЯЧМЕНЮ ЯРОГО В УМОВАХ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 53(3), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2023.3.5
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