LINEAR CLASSIFICATION OF COWS OF THE UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED BY CONFORMATION TYPE AND CORRELATIVE VARIABILITY OF DESCRIPTIVE TRAITS WITH LONGEVITY INDICATORS
Keywords:
Ukrainian Brown dairy breed, longevity, linear type traits, correlation
Abstract
The phenotypic relationships between type features and longevity indicators in cows of the Ukrainian Brown dairy breed in the Sumy region were analyzed. Linear estimation was performed according to the recommendations of ICAR (2014). Based on the results of this study, the average values and variability of indicators of lifetime productivity and linear descriptive traits of the type were established. The average lifespan of cows was 2446 days, or 6.7 years, corresponding to an average productive use of 4.67 years. The lifetime milk yield of cows averaged 21517 kg of milk, which was 8.8 kg per day of life, or 13.3 kg per day of productive use. The descriptive linear trait of the type included in the methodology, and the scale by which each trait is evaluated, with a demonstration of the minimum and maximum deviations of linear traits in absolute units of measurements, are given. Phenotypic correlations were established between the final score and lifespan (r = 0.424), lifetime milk yield (r = 0.398) and lifetime milk fat (r = 0.364). Phenotypic correlations between linear descriptive traits of type and lifespan ranged from -0.385 (body condition) to 0.452 (front udder attachment). A sufficient level of correlations indicates that indirect selection based on height (r = 0.215-0.289), body depth (r = 0.342-0.374), angularity (r = 0.427-0.442), rear width (r = 0.362-378), front udder part attachment (r = 0.386-0.452), height of the rear udder part attachment (r = 0.378-394), central ligament (r = 0.357-383), udder depth (r = 0.237-0.246) and body condition score (r = -0.359...-0.385) can lead to an effective improvement of the traits of lifetime milk productivity of cows. High phenotypic correlations between the linear descriptive traits of the type (body depth, angularity, rear (rump) width, front and rear udder parts attachment, central ligament, udder depth and fatness) and the lifespan of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed indicate that these traits are external can be used as indirect predictors of longevity.
References
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30. Khmelnychyi, L.M., & Karpenko, B.M. Lifespan of dairy cows depending on the evaluation of udder linear traits. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. 2021a. 2(45): 16-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.2.3
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42. Novotný L., Frelich J., Beran J., Zavadilová L. Genetic relationship between type traits, number of lactations initiated, and lifetime milk performance in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2017. 62: 501–510.
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44. Perez-Cabal, M.A., Garcia C., Gonzalez-Recio O., & Alenda R. Genetic and phenotypic relationships among locomotion type traits, profit, production, longevity, and fertility in Spanish dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 2006b. 89:1776–1783.
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46. Setati, M.M., Norris D., Banga C.B., & Benyi K. Relationships between longevity and linear type traits in Holstein cattle population of Southern Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod., 2004. 36(8):807–14.
47. Sewalem, A., Miglior, F., & Kistemaker, G.J. Analysis of the relationship between workability traits and functional longevity in Canadian dairy breeds. J. Anim. Sci., 2010. 93:4359–4365.
48. Sewalem, A., Kistemaker, G.J., Miglior, F., & Doormaal, B.J. Analysis of the relationship between type traits and functional survival in Canadian Holsteins using a Weibull Proportional Hazards Model. Journal of Dairy Science. 2004. 87: 3938–3946.
49. Sondergaard, E., Sorensen, M.K., Mao, I.L. & Jensen, J. Genetic Parameters of Production Feed Intake, B Weight, Body Composition, and Udder Health in Lactating Dairy Cows. Livestock Production Science, 2002. 77: 23–34.
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2. Antonia, B. Samoré, Rita Rizzi, Attilio Rossoni & Alessandro Bagnato Genetic Parameters for Functional Longevity, Type Traits, Somatic Cell Scores, Milk Flow and Production in the Italian Brown Swiss. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2010. 9(28): 145–152.
3. Atkins, G., Shannon, J. & Muir, B. Using Conformational Anatomy to Identify Functionality & Economics of Dairy Cows. WCDS Advances in Dairy Technology, 2008. 20, 279–295.
4. Bouška, J., Vacek M., Štípková M. & Němec A. The relationship between linear type traits and stayability of Czech Fleckvieh cows. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2006. 51(7): 299–304.
5. Brum, E.W. and Ludwick, T.M. Heritabilities of Certain Immature and Mature Body Measurements and Their Correlations with First Lactation Production of Holstein Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 1999. 52, 52–85.
6. Buenger, A., Ducrocq V., Swalve H.H. Analysis of survival in dairy cows with supplementary data on type scores and housing systems from a region of Northwest Germany. Journal of Dairy Science, 2001. 84, 1531–1541.
7. Burkat, V.P., Kotendzhi, G.P., and Ladyka, V.I. Methods of selection of Lebedin cattle at the current stage. Mater. scientific and industrial Conf.: New methods of breeding and biotechnology in animal husbandry, 1991:118-120.
8. Campos R.V., Cobuci J.A., Costa C.N., Neto J.B. Genetic parameters for type traits in Holstein cows in Brazil. Rev Bras Zootec. 2012. 41:2150–2161.
9. Čanji V., Strapák P., Strapáková E., Juhás P. Effect of conformation traits on longevity of cows of Slovak Simmental breed. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 2008. 41, 83–90.
10. Caraviello, D.Z., Weigel K.A., and Gianola D. Analysis of the Relationship between type traits and functional survival in US Holstein cattle using a Weibull proportional Hazards model. J. Dairy Sci. 2004. 87(8): 2677–2686.
11. Caraviello, D.Z., Weigel K.A., and Gianola D. Analysis of the relationship between type traits, inbreeding, and functional survival in Jersey cattle using a Weibull Proportional Hazards Model. Journal of Dairy Science. 2006. 86: 2984–2989.
12. Daliri Z, Hafezian S.H., Shad Parvar A., Rahimi G. Genetic relationships among longevity, milk production and linear type traits in Iranian Holstein Cattle. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 2008. 7:512–515.
13. De Haas, Y., Janss L.L., Kadarmideen, H.N. Genetic and phenotypic parameters for conformation and yield traits in three Swiss dairy cattle breeds. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2007. 124: 12–19.
14. Dekkers, J.C.M., Jairath, L.K. & Lawrence, B.H. Relationships between sire genetic evaluations for conformation and functional herd life of daughters. J. Dairy Sci. 2004. 77: 844–854.
15. Elisandra, L. Kern, Jaime A. Cobuci, Cláudio N. Costa, Concepta M. McManus, Gabriel S. Campos, Tatiana P. Almeida, Rafael V. Campos. Genetic association between herd survival and linear type traits in Holstein cows under tropical conditions. Italian J. Animal Science. 2014. 13:3419.
16. Esteves, A.M., Bergmann, J.A.G., Durães, M.C., Costa, C.N., Silva, H.M. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between type traits and milk production in Holstein cattle. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 2004. 56: 529–535 (in Portuguese, with abstract in English).
17. Gutierrez, J.P. & Goyache, F. Estimation of genetic parameters of type traits in Austriana de los Valles beef cattle. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 2002. 119: 93–100.
18. ICAR Recording Guidelines approved by the General Assembly held in Berlin, Germany, on May 2014. – Copyright: 2014, ICAR. 618 р.
19. Jovanovac, S., and Raguž N. Analysis of the relationships between type traits and longevity in Croatian Simmental cattle using survival analysis. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. 2011. 76(30): 249–253.
20. Jovanovac, S., N. Raguž, J. Sölkner & Mészáros G.. Genetic evaluation for longevity of Croatian Simmental bulls using a piecewise Weibull model. Arch. Tierzucht, 2013. 56: 89–101.
21. Karpenko, B.M. The influence of linear traits evaluation that characterize limbs condition on the lifespan of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein cows. Bulletin of National Agrarian University, 2021. 3(46): 52–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.3.8
22. Kern, E.L., Cobuci, J. A., Costa, C.N., McManus, C.M., and Neto, J.B. Genetic association between longevity and linear type traits of Holstein cows. Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 2015. 72:3.
23. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Ladyka, V.I., Polupan, Yu.P., Bratushka, R.V., Pryima, S.V., & Vechorka, V.V. Liniina klasyfikatsiia koriv molochnykh i molochno-miasnykh porid za typom. (Metodychni vkazivky) – 2-e vyd., pererob. i dop. [Linear classification of cows dairy and dairy-meat breeds by type. (Methodical instructions). 2nd ed., reworked and ext.]. Sumy : Sumskyi Natsionalnyi Ahrarnyi Universytet. 2016.
24. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Ladyka, V.I., Vechorka, V.V., & Khmelnychyi, S.L. Stan ta perspektyva selektsii buroi khudoby Sumskoho rehionu za molochnoiu produktyvnistiu ta eksteriernym typom [The state and perspective of brown cattle breeding in Sumy region by milk productivity and conformation type]. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, 2017. 7(33): 3–17.
25. Khmelnychyi, L.M., & Vechorka, V.V. Evaluation of the heredity influence of Holstein sires on longevity indicators of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. Materials of international science and practice conference: "Problems and ways of intensification of livestock production". 2017a. pp. 202–205.
26. Khmelnychyi, L.M., & Vechorka, V.V. Lifespan of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on the evaluation level of conformation linear traits. Agrarian science and food technologies. 2017b. 2(96): 249–258.
27. Khmelnychyi, L.M., & Vechorka, V.V. Lifespan of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed depending on the linear traits evaluation. Animal breeding and genetics. 2017c. 53: 197–208.
28. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V., and Khmelnychyi, S.L. Peculiarities of the conformation type of dairy cattle of different origins and correlative variability of linear traits with milk yield of Holstein breed. Animal breeding and genetics. 2018. 56: 77–83.
29. Khmelnychyi, L.M., Vechorka, V.V., & Khmelnychyi, S.L., Lifespan of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed depending on the linear evaluation of udder morphological traits. Technology of production and processing of animal husbandry products. Collection of scientific papers of Belotserkiv State University. 2020. 1(156): 29–37.
30. Khmelnychyi, L.M., & Karpenko, B.M. Lifespan of dairy cows depending on the evaluation of udder linear traits. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. 2021a. 2(45): 16-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.2.3
31. Khmelnychyi, L.M., & Karpenko, B.M. Lifespan of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein breeds depending on the assessment level of descriptive traits that characterize body development in the overall system of conformation type linear classification. Bulletin of the Sumy NAU. 2021b.1(44): 11–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.1.2
32. Klassen, D.J., Monardes H.G., Jairath L., Cue R.I., & Hayes J.F. Genetic correlations between lifetime production and linearized type in Canadian Holsteins. J. Dairy Science. 1992. 75(8):2272–2282.
33. Ladyka V.I., Khmelnychyi L.M., Khmelnychyi S.L. Conformation types of brown cattle of Sumy region of Ukraine (Monograph)Lublin, 2019. 133 р.
34. Ladyka, V. I., Khmel'nychyi L. M., Burkat V. P., & Ruban S.Yu.. Reyestratsiya ICAR. Dovidnyk – Registration ICAR. Reference-book. Sumy: Sums'kyy natsional'nyy ahrarnyy universytet. Sumy National Agrarian University, 2010. 457 (in Ukrainian).
35. Lagrotta M.R., Euclydes R.F., Verneque R.S., Santana M.L., Júnior, Pereira R.J., Torres R.A. Relationship between morphological traits and milk yield in Gir breed cows. Pesq Agropec Bras. 2010; 45:423–429.
36. Larroque, H. and Ducrocq, V. Relationship between type and longevity in the Holstein Breed. Genetics Selection Evolution, 2001. 33:39–59.
37. Liu, S., Tan H., Yang L., & Yi J. Genetic parameter estimates for selected type traits and milk production traits of Holstein cattle in southern China. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 2014. 38: 552-556. doi:10.3906/vet-1107-37
38. Merkur'eva, E. K. Geneticheskie osnovy selektsii v skotovodstve [Genetic bases of selection in the animal husbandry]. Moskva: Kolos. 1977. 240 s.
39. Meszaros, G., Fuerst, C.H., Fuerst-Waltl, B., Kadlečík, O., Kasarda, R. and Sölkner, J. Genetic Evaluation for Length of Productive Life in Slovak Pinzgau Cattle. Archives of Animal Breeding/Archiv Tierzucht-Index, 2008. 5: 438–48.
40. Morek-Kopec, M. and Zarnecki A. Relationship between conformation traits and longevity in Polish Holstein Friesian cattle. Livestock Science, 2012. 149: 53–61.
41. Neuenschwander, T., H., N., Kadarmideen, S., Wegmann, & Y. de Haas. Genetics of parity – dependent production increase and its relationship with health, fertility longevity, and conformation in Swiss Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 2005. 88: 1540–1551.
42. Novotný L., Frelich J., Beran J., Zavadilová L. Genetic relationship between type traits, number of lactations initiated, and lifetime milk performance in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2017. 62: 501–510.
43. Pérez-Cabal, M.A., García, C., González, O. et al. Genetic and phenotypic relationships among locomotion type traits, profit, production, longevity, and fertility in Spanish dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2006a. 89(5): 1776–1783.
44. Perez-Cabal, M.A., Garcia C., Gonzalez-Recio O., & Alenda R. Genetic and phenotypic relationships among locomotion type traits, profit, production, longevity, and fertility in Spanish dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 2006b. 89:1776–1783.
45. Schneider, M.D., Dürr J.W., Cue R.I., Monardes H.G. Impact of type traits on functional herd life of Quebec Holsteins assessed by survival analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 2003. 86: 4083–4089.
46. Setati, M.M., Norris D., Banga C.B., & Benyi K. Relationships between longevity and linear type traits in Holstein cattle population of Southern Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod., 2004. 36(8):807–14.
47. Sewalem, A., Miglior, F., & Kistemaker, G.J. Analysis of the relationship between workability traits and functional longevity in Canadian dairy breeds. J. Anim. Sci., 2010. 93:4359–4365.
48. Sewalem, A., Kistemaker, G.J., Miglior, F., & Doormaal, B.J. Analysis of the relationship between type traits and functional survival in Canadian Holsteins using a Weibull Proportional Hazards Model. Journal of Dairy Science. 2004. 87: 3938–3946.
49. Sondergaard, E., Sorensen, M.K., Mao, I.L. & Jensen, J. Genetic Parameters of Production Feed Intake, B Weight, Body Composition, and Udder Health in Lactating Dairy Cows. Livestock Production Science, 2002. 77: 23–34.
50. Tapki, I. and Ziya G. Y. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between linear type traits and milk production yields of Turkish Holstein dairy cows. Green. J. Agric. Sci. 2013. 3(11): 755–761.
51. Vanderick, S., Croquet C., Mayeres P., Soyeurt H., & Gengler N. Correlations of longevity evaluation with type traits in walloon region. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. 8th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, August. 2006. 13–18.
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Published
2023-04-20
How to Cite
Khmelnychyi, L. M., Samokhina, Y. A., & Khmelnychyi, S. L. (2023). LINEAR CLASSIFICATION OF COWS OF THE UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED BY CONFORMATION TYPE AND CORRELATIVE VARIABILITY OF DESCRIPTIVE TRAITS WITH LONGEVITY INDICATORS. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.32782/bsnau.lvst.2023.1.10
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Articles
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