PROSPECTS OF COMBINATION OF HYDRAULIC AND ELECTRIC DRIVES IN MOBILE AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Abstract
Modern hydraulic drive systems have a relatively low energy efficiency, which is only about 21-22%, this is facilitated by the use of a large number of control throttle valves and energy loss directly in hydraulic lines and hydraulic devices. One of the ways to reduce energy losses in hydraulic systems of mobile machines is the combination of hydraulic and electric drives. An additional advantage of such a combination is also the possibility of recovering electrical energy, which increases the energy efficiency of such machines. Increasing the efficiency of machines by abandoning the centralized hydraulic drive system with valve control of the fluid flow and switching to the zonal hydraulic drive with electric pump flow control is contained in many scientific works, which note the high energy efficiency of decentralized hydraulic drive systems (up to 75% compared to traditional systems). The degree of saturation of agricultural machines with a hydraulic drive varies, depending on the functional purpose of these machines, their innovative improvements and cost. The combination of electric and hydraulic drives in these machines can be considered in several directions: electric control of hydraulic equipment and flow control with the help of electric motors that can change the speed of rotation of the drive shaft of the hydraulic pump. The use of an electric drive to drive hydraulic elements can be used in the following variants: a hybrid concept, when the drive elements of an electric drive are introduced into the general scheme of the hydraulic drive; the concept of a general hydraulic drive, when one electric motor and a hydraulic pump are used to operate the entire hydraulic system of the machine; the concept of zonal hydraulic drive, when a separate electric motor paired with a hydraulic pump is installed on each actuator. The analysis of existing ways of improving hydraulic drive systems by combining it with an electric drive shows that the development of zonal and hybrid electro-hydraulic systems is considered more promising. Мajority of the latest scientific developments with the electro-hydraulic drive relate to general-purpose tractors and self-propelled machines, which contain researches of centralized and decentralized electro-hydraulic systems.
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